四川省西部脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫效果评价  

Effectiveness Evaluation of Supplementary Immunization Activities of Polio Vaccine in Minority Area of Sichuan in 2012

作　　者：刘宇[1] 方刚[1] 杜飞[1] 覃志英[1] 刘青恋[1] 方世梅[2] 倪萍[3] 王保清[4] 童文彬[1] 马晓珍[1] 陈娜[1] 付清培[1] 陈筱纯[1] 李银乔[1] 敬嵛淋[1] 刘家洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心,成都610041 [2]阿坝州疾病预防控制中心 [3]甘孜州疾病预防控制中心 [4]凉山州疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2013年第4期193-197,共5页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的评价2012年四川省西部的阿坝、甘孜、凉山地区开展儿童脊髓灰质炎疫苗强化免疫活动效果,为今后继续维持无脊髓灰质炎工作提供依据。方法 2012年按照脊髓灰质炎强化免疫活动实施方案在阿坝、甘孜、凉山地区开展了3轮脊灰疫苗强化免疫活动,并进行了每轮服苗结束后接种率现场快速评估和脊灰疫苗接种后目标儿童血清抗体水平监测。结果 3轮脊灰强免报告接种率分别为97.54%、97.77%和96.94%,均达到了95%以上的目标。共报告零剂次儿童15 583人,零剂次儿童主要集中在0～1岁组(51.71%),大于1岁年龄段儿童的零剂次比例明显下降。3轮快速评估接种率分别为99.53%、98.42%和97.96%。接种1个月后,0～14岁儿童脊灰抗体阳性率97.70%。结论该次强免活动疫苗接种率较高,接种效果较好,0～14岁儿童对脊髓灰质炎建立了比较牢固的免疫屏障。但零剂次儿童的存在,提示常规免疫工作中有薄弱环节,免疫空白仍然存在。儿童完成全程免疫是保证免疫效果的基础,强化免疫只能是一种对常规免疫的补充,不能以强化免疫代替常规免疫,建立可持续发展的免疫规划仍是目前工作的重点。Objective To evaluate the effect of polio campaign in minority area of Siehuan province in 2012, and to pro- vide references for maintaining non - polio status. Methods According to implemental guideline of polio campaign, 3 rounds of polio campaign were conduced in minority areas, and coverage rapid survey and serum antibody test were both conduct after each round vaccination. Results The vaccination rates of 3 rounds were respectively 97.54%, 97.77% and 96. 94%. A total number of 15,583 zero - dose children were reported in routine immunization, concentrating in month later, the positive rate of polio virus antibody of 0 - 14 years children was 97.70%. Conclusion The vaccination rate of this campaign is qualified, yet weaknesses still exist. A con- secutive immunization program is still the key work emphasis.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎疫苗 强化免疫活动 效果评价 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]