近代民间慈善组织与农村灾荒救济——以北洋政府时期的华北地区为例  

Modern Civil Charity Associations and Rural Famine Relief——The Case of North China Area in the Northern Warlords Government Period

作　　者：王军[1] 熊亚平[2] 

机构地区：[1]天津财经大学理工学院,天津300222 [2]天津社会科学院历史研究所,天津300191

出　　处：《河北广播电视大学学报》2013年第4期13-20,共8页Journal of Hebei Radio & TV University

摘　　要：北洋政府时期,华北地区灾荒频仍,战乱不断,人民生活困苦。随着政府控制力的减弱,国家赈济职能衰退,民间慈善组织进入高速发展阶段,开始替代政府行使救济灾民的职责,对社会的稳定和发展起到积极作用。我国作为一个传统农业国家,一旦遭遇天灾,对农民的生命财产将会造成巨大的打击,以中国红十字会和华洋义赈会为代表的民间慈善组织,以挽救生命为职志,勇于挑起慈善救济的重担,并把以工代赈、教养兼施等西方慈善理念引入到我国,改变了传统灾荒赈济模式。当然,民间慈善团体的赈济效能并非完美,他们所筹发的善款、物资相对于庞大的赈济支出而言微不足道,但他们传播新式慈善理念和救济方式的行为,有效促进了中西文化的融合,推动了民间力量的成长。In the Northern Warlords Government period, there were constant natural famine and wars in the North China and people suffered a lot. With the decrease of the governmental control and the reces sion of governmental function, the civil charity associations developed quickly and began to take responsi bility of improving the situations in replacement of the government, which stabilized the society. As a tra- ditional agricultural country, once natural disasters happened, they would usually cause a lot of loss of lives and properties of the peasants. The Red Cross Society of China and the China Internation Famine Re lief Commission, among many other groups, contributed to saving people＇s lives and took the responsibili ty of natural disaster relief. They also introduced the Western charity ideas such as working for relief bene fit into China and changed the traditional relief patterns. Of course the relief function of the charity associ ations was not perfect. What they distributed was still a small portion of the huge relief need. But the way they introduced the new charity ideas and methods effectively promoted the Sino Western cultural interac- tion and the growth of the civil power.

关 键 词：民间慈善组织 灾荒救济 中国红十字会 华洋义赈会 赈济效能 

分 类 号：K258[历史地理—历史学]