北黄海浮游植物群落季节变化  

The seasonal changes of phytoplankton community in North Yellow Sea,China

作　　者：刘述锡[1] 樊景凤[1] 王真良[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋环境监测中心//国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第7期1173-1181,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目(200805080)

摘　　要：根据2009年5月21日—12月7日北黄海浮游植物4个航次调查资料,对该海域浮游植物的种类组成、优势种、细胞丰度及其分布、生物多样性等基本状况进行了分析,并采用站位聚类分析手段对北黄海浮游植物做区域划分。结果表明,4个航次调查共鉴定浮游植物3门22属56种,主要以温带近岸广温广盐性种为主。硅藻门种类数最多45种,圆筛藻属的种类最多为12种,其次为角毛藻属9种;甲藻门10种,种类数最多的是角藻属4种;金藻门1种。4个航次浮游植物细胞丰度介于0.3～18 103.5×104cells.m-3,平均为542.4×104cells.m-3。浮游植物丰度显示明显的季节变化,表现为冬季(2105.1×104cells.m-3)>秋季(29.4×104cells.m-3)>夏季(25.5×104cells.m-3)>春季(9.7×104cells.m-3)。4个航次浮游甲藻细胞丰度介于未检出～80.5×104cells.m-3,平均为6.9×104cells.m-3,浮游甲藻细胞丰度按季节变化规律为夏季(13.9×104cells.m-3)>秋季(8.5×104cells.m-3)>冬季(2.8×104cells.m-3)>春季(2.3×104cells.m-3)。北黄海重要优势种是具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata),较为重要优势种有密联角毛藻(Chaetoceros densus)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)、大角角藻(Ceratium macroceros)、梭角藻(Ceratium fusus)、三角角藻(Ceratium tripos),季节优势种是圆筛藻spp.(Coscinodiscus spp.)、聚生角毛藻(Chaetoceros socialis)和威氏圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus wailesii)。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数分别是2.024和0.636,二者分布共同特征是北黄海南部海域和丹东鸭绿江口外部海域较低。站位聚类分析表明北黄海浮游植物种类地区划分主要分为3个区域:鸭绿江口区、中部区和西部区。Based on the data collected at 14 stations in the north Yellow Sea （NYS） during the four cruises, this study examined species composition, dominant species, abundance distribution and species diversity of phytoplankton in May, July, October and December 2009. The cluster analysis of phytoplankton was carried out based on species composition at sampled stations. The results showed that a total of 56 species in 22 genera of 3 phyla, including 45 species of diatoms with 12 species in Coscinodiscus and 9 species in Chaetoceros, 10 species of dinoflagellate with 4 species in Ceratium and 1 species of chrysophyta, were identified. Most of them belonged to eurythermal and euryhaline species. Average abundance of phytoplankton in the four cruises was 542.4×104 cells？m-3, with a range of 0.3~18 103.5×104 cells·m-3. Phytoplankton abundance exhibited distinct seasonal variations： winter （2 105.1×104 cells·m-3）〉 autumn （29.4×104 cells·m-3）〉 summer （25.5×104 cells·m-3） 〉 spring（9.7×104 cells·m-3）. Total dinoflagellate abundance ranged from not detected to 80.5×104 cells·m-3 in the four cruises, with an average value of 6.9×104 cells·m-3. Dinoflagellate abundance varied with seasons in the following order： summer （13.9×104 cells·m-3）〉autumn （8.5×104 cells·m-3）〉winter （2.8×104 cells·m-3）〉spring （2.3×104 cells·m-3）. Paralia sulcata dominated three cruises while Chaetoceros densus, Coscinodiscus radiatus, Ceratium macroceros, Ceratium fusus and Ceratium tripos were preponderant in two cruises. Chaetoceros spp., Chaetoceros socialis and Coscinodiscus wailesii belonged to seasonal species and dominated only one cruise. Average Shannon-Wiener index （H’） and evenness （J） were 2.024 and 0.636, respectively. Low evenness corresponded with low Shannon-Wiener diversity indices, appeared in the south of NYS and adjacent sea area of Yalu River estuary. Using the hierarchical cluster analysis, fourteen sampling stations were classified into 3 parts：Yalu

关 键 词：浮游植物 甲藻 细胞丰度 多样性指数 北黄海 

分 类 号：Q178.53[生物学—水生生物学] P735[生物学—普通生物学]