采收期对青皮核桃果实生理特性与耐贮性的影响  

Effect of Harvest Dates on Postharvest Physiological and Storability of Green Walnut Fruit

作　　者：孙雯[1] 宋淑亚 陈金海 樊娟娟 马惠玲[4] 王进[4] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]咸阳西秦生物科技有限公司,陕西咸阳712000 [3]宜君县核桃产业开发办公室,陕西宜君727200 [4]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨陵712100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2013年第8期1674-1681,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：陕西省农业攻关项目(2012K01-29);陕西省自然基金项目(2011JQ3002)

摘　　要：以‘中林5号’（早熟）、‘辽宁4号’（中熟）、‘西扶1号’（中晚熟）青皮核桃果实为试材,于8月上、中、下旬3个采收期采果,在0～1 ℃冷藏过程中测定贮期生理指标和保鲜效应。结果显示：（1）各采收期和各品种果实呼吸强度（RI）均呈双峰型变化；8月中旬采收的果实呼吸峰出现较早,其纤维素酶（Cx）活性较另2个采收期多1个高峰；多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）活性增强最早,其贮后核仁酸价上升幅度最大,果实腐烂最快。（2）8月下旬同期采收的3个品种果实的贮期各生理指标变化趋于一致；贮藏54 d时,果实腐烂率依次为‘辽宁4号’〉‘中林5号’〉‘西扶1号’。（3）‘辽宁4号’核仁可溶性蛋白质含量越高,贮后下降率最大。研究表明,青皮核桃果实采后生理代谢活性与耐贮性主要与采收时期有关,受品种影响较小,且8月中旬采收的果实采后生理代谢旺盛,耐贮藏性均最差；‘辽宁4号’果实在各采收期的耐贮性均小于其他品种果实。Green walnut fruit of ‘Zhonglin 5’（early mature）,‘Liaoning 4’ （middle-mature）,‘Xifu 1’ （middle-late mature） were harvested on three stages of early,middle and late August,and stored at 0~1 ℃.Physiological indices and preservation effect during the storage were measured and valued.（1）Respiration intensity of fruits from each harvest stage and each variety all showed two-peak curve trend.Those harvested in middle August appeared the earliest respiration peak,also presented one more Cx activity peak during the first period of storage and the earliest increase of PG activity,which resulted in the most decrease in acid value of kernel and the highest decay rate of fruit after storage.（2）Among fruit of three varieties,the physiological indices changed almost in the same way.After 54-day storage,the decay rate of ‘Liaoning 4’ was the highest,followed by ‘Zhonglin 5’,and ‘Xifu 1’ was the lowest.（3）Kernel of ‘Liaoning 4’ with higher soluble protein content showed more decline rate than those with lower content.In conclusion,walnut fruit harvested on mid-August are less tolerant to store due to its vigorous postharvest physiological metabolism.

关 键 词：青皮核桃 采收期 采后生理 保鲜 

分 类 号：Q945.65[生物学—植物学]