豆科黄华属的植物地理研究  

The phytogeographical studies of Thermopsis (Fabaceae)

作　　者：萨仁[1] 陈家瑞[1] 李沛琼[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,北京100093 [2]深圳仙湖植物园,深圳518004

出　　处：《植物分类学报》2000年第2期148-166,共19页Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目资助!( 93 90 0 1 0;3 9893 3 60 )

摘　　要：首次全面论述了全世界黄华属 (豆科 )植物地理。黄华属是豆科少数几个东亚 北美间断分布属之一。对黄华属 5组 2 1种的分布进行了分析 ,发现本属 4个频度分布中心依次是 :东亚地区 ( 8种 /3组 ,其中特有种 4种 ) ,伊朗 土兰地区 ( 7种 /3组 ,其中特有种 3种 ) ,落基山地区 ( 7种 /2组 ,均为特有种 )及大西洋北美地区 ( 3种 /1组 ,均为特有种 )。基于以下事实 :在东亚地区存在本属最多的组与种 ;在此区可以见到黄华属系统发育系列 ;该属最原始的组种及最进化的组种也在该区出现等 ,可以认为东亚地区是该属的现代分布中心及分化中心。伊朗 土兰地区 (中亚东部至喜马拉雅 )及落基山地区所含种、组数仅次于东亚地区 ,而且多倍体现象多发生于这两区 ,因此可认为是本属的次生分布中心及分化中心。在此二地区 ,物种分化较活跃且复杂 ,先后描述了很多新种和变种 ,也曾进行过较多的归并处理。最近的分子生物学证据不断揭示 ,在这地区曾被归并的一些分类群存在着较大不同 ,从而提醒分类学家对年轻区系中物种分化较活跃的类群进行分类处理时 ,无论是建新分类群还是对某些类群进行归并 ,应持谨慎态度。作者根据黄华属植物的现代地理分布、形态演化趋势、现有的化石及地质历史资料 ,推测黄华属植物在中新世之前早已?The present article is the first comprehensive treatment of phytogeography of Thermopsis (Fabaceae) in the world. Thermopsis is one of the few genera within Fabaceae with the distribution pattern of the East Asia North American disjunction. The distribution patterns of 5 recognized sections (including a new one) covering 21 species in Thermopsis are analyzed, and the results show four centres of frequency of the genus: the Eastern Asiatic Region (9 spp./ 3 sects., including 4 endemic species), the Irano Turanian Region (7 spp./ 3 sects., including 3 endemic species), the Rocky Mountain Region (7 spp./ 2 sects., all endemic), and the Atlantic North American Region (3 spp./ 1 sect., all endemic). In the light of the fact that most species and sections, a number of phylogenetic series of the genus, and the most primitive sections and most advanced sections in Thermopsis occur in the East Asia, the Eastern Asiatic Region might be the centre of diversity of the genus. As the Irano Turanian Region and the Rocky Mountain Region were just second to that of Eastern Asiatic Region in number of sections and species, and many polyploids appeared in these regions, they were considered as the secondary centres of distribution and speciation of the genus. The speciation looks to be frequent and complex in these regions, and many new taxa have been described from there while many new reduced or incorporated taxa have happened over there. However, recent molecular data has shown that two reduced taxa of Thermopsis are distinct in these regions. Based on the modern distribution patterns and evolutionary trends in morphological characters of the genus, and available fossil record of the genus and the historical geology, we speculate that Thermopsis had already existed on Eurasia and North America before the Late Miocene, and probably originated from an ancestral form of Sophora like taxa with lupine alkaloids somewhere in the Laurasia in the Early Tertiary or Late Cretaceous. After the separation of the two continents, spe

关 键 词：黄华属 地理分布 起源 演化 豆科 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]