真空泵主轴键槽和平键失效原因分析  

Failure Analysis of Spindle Keyways and Flat Keys of a Vacuum Pump

作　　者：胡徐彦 秦立峰 张峙 胡卫勇 王玺 薛艳[2] 李丹平[2] 

机构地区：[1]中海石油(中国)有限公司湛江分公司,湛江524057 [2]西安摩尔石油工程实验室有限公司,西安710065

出　　处：《理化检验（物理分册）》2013年第8期552-555,共4页Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51074126)

摘　　要：采用宏观分析、化学成分分析、拉伸试验、硬度测试、金相检验、断口分析以及有限元受力分析等方法,对真空泵主轴键槽和平键严重变形失效原因进行了分析。结果表明:主轴键槽和平键挤压变形严重,主要是因为平键与键槽之间配合间隙过大,在泵的开、停瞬间引起键槽和平键之间形成很大的冲击作用;而且平键的硬度明显低于主轴的硬度,这种偏差很容易造成平键的损伤,使键槽与平键之间的间隙增加,加剧了键槽和平键的变形进程;主轴键槽变形严重处导致局部应力集中并引发脆性开裂裂纹。The serious deformation failure of spindle keyways and flat keys of a vacuum pump was researched by macroscopic observation, physical and chemical performance analysis, microscopic observation and finite element force analysis. The results show that the severe compressional deformations of the spindle keyways and flat keys was mainly caused by the great impact action between the keyways and flat keys at starting and stopping instant of the pump because of the big gap between them. Besides, the hardness of the flat keys was obviously lower than that of the spindle, and the hardness difference could easily cause damage on the flat keys and make the gap between the keyways and flat keys even larger, which aggravated the deformation. Brittle cracking happened at the severe deformation positions of the keyways because of local stress concentration caused by the severe deformation.

关 键 词：真空泵 主轴 变形 开裂 

分 类 号：TM62[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]