杏四～六面积北部聚驱后微生物对原油的降解作用研究  

Research on the Degradation of the Crude Oil after the Polymer Flooding in the North of the Xing4 ～ 6 Block

作　　者：何延龙[1] 佘跃惠[2] 张凡[3] 董浩 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,青岛266555 [2]长江大学化学与工程学院,荆州434023 [3]中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京100083 [4]中国石油大学(北京)化学工程学院,北京100085

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2013年第23期6697-6704,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2008AA06Z204);国家自然基金项目(51074029)资助

摘　　要：2001年大庆油田杏四～六面积北部开始聚驱,油水样品选自该区两口试验井,通过对两种不同激活配方培养20 d后的培养液评价得到:微生物在②号原油降解样品激活体系中的生长情况较好,20 d后菌浓可以达到108,排油圈在7 d后达到最大17 cm;微生物菌群分布结构较所加入水样的分布结构发生了明显变化,部分非优势菌被激活;其中鞘氨醇杆菌属(Sphin-gobacterium)、油杆菌属(Petrobacter)、拟芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等都在采油过程中发挥着重要的作用。微生物作用后原油的四组分变化明显,其中饱和烃由原始样品的63.11%增加到66.27%,沥青质由4.57%下降为2.81%;气相色谱和色质联用数据显示:原油经微生物降解后主峰碳由C21变为C23,①原油降解样品的Pr/Ph值由原始的1.062增加为1.156,且随生物降解作用的进行,Pr/nC17和Ph/nC18值均不断增大,大庆原油的∑nC21-/∑nC22+值均发生了不同程度的降低,其中②原油降解样由原始的0.915下降为0.685;大庆原油中萘系列化合物和菲系列化合物含量占到了芳烃化合物含量的80%以上,菲系列化合物的含量达到52.71%,"三芴"系列化合物的含量为11.28%,艹屈系列和联苯系列化合物的含量分别为3.76%和0.59%,其他芳烃化合物的总含量为4.34%;在微生物作用下多环芳烃中支链的甲基很容易被降解。The sample of oil and water are from the north of Xing4 ～6 block,which is after the polymer flooded since 2001,The estimation of the 20 days culture solution are as follows： The microorganism in the ②sample were in the good condition,after 20 days the concentration of bacteria reached to 108,after 7 days the diameter of clear zone obtained with the oil spreading reached to 17 cm,the distribution of microbial communities changed and the unpreponderance bacteria activated,the Sphingobacterium,Petrobacter,Paenibacillus in the sample played an important role in the oil recovery.The component percentage of the sample changed,the saturated hydrocarbons raised from 63.11% to 66.27%,the asphaltene decrease from 4.57% to 2.81%,the sample were fractionized and analyzed by GC / MS and gas chromatography.Obtained results were as follows.The peak of saturated straight-chain alkanes raised from C21 to C23,the Pr/ Ph of the sample ① raised from 1.062 to 1.156,the Pr/ nC17 and Ph/ nC18 increased,the ② sample of ∑nC21-/ ∑nC22 ＋ decresaed from 0.915 to 0.685,the homologues of naphthalene and phenanthrene in the aromatics accounted for more than 80%,phenanthrene and it’s homologues accounted for about 52.71%,fluorene,dibenzothiophene,diphenylene-oxide and their homologues accounted for about 11.28%,chrysene,Biphenyl andtheir homologues accounted for about 4.35%,other compands of aromatics accounted for about 4.34%,methyl of branched chain in the PAHs degraded by the microorganism easily.

关 键 词：聚驱后 16S rDNA克隆文库 色谱质谱联用 气相色谱 

分 类 号：TE122.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]