应用化学杂交剂GENESIS诱导春小麦雄性不育的研究  

Study on Male Sterility Induced by Chemical Hybridizing Agents GENESIS in Spring Wheat

作　　者：于天峰[1] 张爱民[1] 黄铁城 刁雁玲[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学植物遗传育种系,北京100094 [2]黑龙江农科院小麦所,克山161606

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2000年第3期11-16,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家"九五"科技攻关资助项目 !( 96-0 0 2 -0 2 -0 4) ;中国农业大学与孟山都公司合作项目

摘　　要：研究美国孟山都公司生产的化学杂交剂 GENESIS诱导东北春小麦雄性不育的效果及其应用技术 ,结果表明 :( 1 ) GENESIS对东北春小麦具有良好的诱导雄性不育效果 ,在 3 kg/hm2 剂量时 ,对供试的 2 0个基因型均能诱导 98.2 %～ 1 0 0 %的雄性不育率。对其中 3份材料进行人工授粉 ,获得 57.5%～ 69.2 %的人工授粉结实率 ,剂量达 5kg/hm2 时 ,最高人工授粉结实率仍达 65.5%;( 2 ) GENESIS对春小麦株高、穗长、穗下茎节长、抽穗期等主要农艺性状没有明显的影响 ;( 3 ) GENESIS施用时期较长 ,在东北春麦区正常生产密度条件下 ,适宜施用时期在 7～ 1 0 d左右。研究认为 :保证小麦的正常播种密度和苗齐、苗全 ,是保证 GENESIS施用效果和具有较长施用时期的重要条件 ;Heterosis is one of the most efficient ways for improving wheat yield potential, industrial quality, disease resistance and adaptability. It is a major way to use chemical hybridizing agents to induce male sterility for producing hybrid wheat seeds. This paper reported a study on the effects and application techniques of the new chemicals hybridizing agent GENESIS used to induce male sterility in northeast spring wheat region. The results showed: (1) GENESIS has positive effects on inducing male sterility in spring wheat in northeastern region of China. The male sterile rate of 20 genotypes reached 98.2%~100% when treated by rate of 3 kg/ha. To 3 of 20 genotypes, artificial pollination was made. The seed set of cross pollination was 57.5%~69.2%, the highest seed set of cross pollination was up to 65.5% when dosage of 5 kg/ha was used. (2) GENESIS has not significant effects on the plant height, spike length, first internode length under spike and other main agronomic traits. (3) Application period of GENESIS was relative longer. It could reach 7~10 days at regular production density in northeastern spring wheat region. The proper wheat sowing density and good emergence are important for ensuring the effects of GENESIS and relatively long application period. It is very essential to improve the methods and measurements for high seed set of cross pollination for the seed production by using CHA.

关 键 词：春小麦 化学杂交剂 雄性不育 结实率 

分 类 号：S512.103.5[农业科学—作物学]