静电纺纳米纤维材料在环境领域中的应用研究进展  

Progress in the Research of Electrospun Nanofibers for Environmental Applications

作　　者：丁彬[1] 斯阳[1] 俞建勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海200051

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2013年第8期492-502,共11页Materials China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB606103,2012CB525005);国家自然科学基金(51173022)

摘　　要：近年来,通过静电纺丝技术制备纳米纤维材料已成为材料科学领域最重要的学术与技术活动之一。静电纺丝以其制造装置简单、纺丝成本低廉、可纺物质种类繁多、工艺可控等优点,已成为有效制备纳米纤维材料的主要途径之一。目前,利用静电纺丝技术不仅能实现多种纳米纤维材料包括聚合物、无机物、聚合物/聚合物复合物、聚合物/无机物复合物以及无机物/无机物复合物等的构筑,而且可以实现纤维多级粗糙结构、堆积密度、纤维直径、比表面积、连通性等结构特性的精细调控。各种各样的静电纺纳米纤维材料经过发展、研究和商业化,已被广泛应用于环境领域的各个方面,为许多环保难题诸如有害物质监控、污水处理、水体浮油处理等的解决提供了新的方向。结合东华大学纤维材料改性国家重点实验室近期在静电纺纳米纤维领域的研究成果,简要介绍了静电纺纤维材料的研究背景、制备技术及其在环境领域中的应用研究进展。Electrospinning provides a simple and versatile method for generating nanofibers from a rich variety of materials that include synthetic and natural polymers, carbon and ceramics. Nanofibers with complex architectures, such as porous nanofibers, cable-like nanofibers, bio-inspired nanofibers, and 2-dimensional nanofibers/nets, can be produced by special electrospinning methods. Moreover, by carefully changing the fabrication conditions, the relevant structure including multi rough structures, bulk density, fiber diameter, surface area and connectedness could be exactly controlled, which provided a new insight into the design and development of functional nanomaterials towards various environmental applications such as sensors, water purification and oil spills treatment. This report presents an overview of this technique, with focus on the progress achieved by the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials of Donghua University in recent years.

关 键 词：静电纺丝 纳米纤维 环境 应用 

分 类 号：TQ342.86[化学工程—化纤工业]