501名噪声作业人员心血管及听力损害的调查分析  

Research and analysis of noise on operating personnel cardiovascular and hearing impact

作　　者：左虹[1] 唐瑾[1] 王力民[1] 木拉提.艾山哈孜 

机构地区：[1]乌鲁木齐铁路局疾病预防控制所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2013年第4期3-5,共3页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的了解噪声对作业人员听力的损害程度及心血管系统的影响。方法对乌鲁木齐铁路局管辖的18个运输生产单位的501名噪声作业者进行血压、心电图、纯音气导听阈检查。结果501名受检者中血压正常检出率16．8％，正常高值检出率60．9％，高血压检出率22．3％；其中男性高血压检出率23．1％，女性5．0％，男性高于女性；心电图共检查494名噪声作业者，正常444人，占89．9％；心电图异常主要表现在左室高电压及电轴左偏、ST段和T波异常、心律的改变；434名受检者中，听阈正常检出率81．6％，双耳高频平均听阈26—39dB，检出率12．9％，双耳高频平均听阈≥40dB检出率5．5％；纯音气导听阈检查双耳高频平均听阈1〉40dB的检出率随着接触噪声工龄的增加而增加，且≥20年接触噪声工龄的检出率（11．7％）明显高于接触噪声工龄0年一的检出率（1．8％）。结论噪声对作业人员听力的损害随接触噪声工龄的增加而加重；重视噪声作业者血压在正常高值及纯音听阈在26～39dB范围的检出率较高这一情况，是对接触噪声人员进行防护的关键所在。Objective To understand auditory damage degree of noise to workers and its effect on their cardiovascular sys- tem. Methods From 18 units, 501 noise-exposed workers were examined for blood pressure, ECG, pure tone air conduc- tion hearing threshold. Results The detection rate of the normal, high value of normal blood pressure and hypertension were 16.8%, 60.9% and 22.3%, respectively. The ECG mainly showed high voltage in the left ventricular and the left axis de- viation, abnormalities of ST segment and T wave, changes of heart rhythm. The results of pure tone air conduction hearing threshold test showed that the detection rate of average binaural high-frequency hearing threshold equal or over 40 dB in- creased with the years exposure to noise, and the detection rate （11.7%） of exposure to noise equal or over 20 years was sig- nificantly higher than that without exposure history （1.8%）. Conclusions Auditory damage of the noise to workers gets worse with the increase of exposure years. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to those whose detection rate is higher among workers of the high normal blood pressure and pure tone threshold in the range of 26 to 39 dB. It is the key preventive measures to the noise-exposed workers.

关 键 词：噪声作业 听力损害 高血压 心电图异常 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]