捣固机械激振技术现状与展望  

Present Status and Prospect of Tamping Device Exciting Technology

作　　者：刘毅[1] 龚国芳[1] 闵超庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学流体动力与机电系统国家重点实验室,杭州310027

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2013年第16期138-146,共9页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50975252)

摘　　要：捣固车是广泛应用于新建铁路和铁路大修中的养路机械。捣固装置是捣固车的核心部件,它是利用加压、冲击或振动的原理使得轨枕底部的道碴重新排列,紧固密实,并使枕下支撑力量均衡的一种专用机械装置。在综合分析国内外捣固装置及其激振技术的研究现状与进展的基础上,结合工程实际,指出现存捣固装置的激振技术在频率和振幅的无级可调等方面存在的问题,提出应用于捣固装置的新型电液激振技术。新型电液激振器在一定频率内能增大输出推力、实现高振幅以及解决液压缸振动时的偏置撞缸,其关键技术是通过步进电动机带动阀芯旋转、液流高频换向使得液压缸运动换向,以实现激振频率和振幅的控制。为满足不同工况的需求、克服强迫振动加速捣固镐磨损及捣镐振动产生夹持液压缸摆动的问题,采用负载自适应、频率和振幅的无级调节的液压激振技术是捣固振动发展的趋势。Tamping machine is a kind of special engineering equipment which is used for railway construction.Tamping device being used to compact ballast is the key part of tamping machine,with which two main tamping processes,clamping and vibrating,could be carried out.Clamping squeezes the stones to flow under the sleeper and vibrating compresses ballast.The development of tamping device is briefly introduced,and then the current status of tamping device and the exciting technology are discussed in detail.Combining with project practice,the problems concerning excitation technology of tamping device in high frequency and adjustable amplitude are analyzed,and the new electro-hydraulic excitation for tamping device is proposed.The novel electro-hydraulic exciter can increase the export force,realize high amplitude during certain frequency range and solve the problem of bias impact to the cylinder.Its key technology is realizing the control of excitation frequency and amplitude through the rotation valve spool which is driven by step motor and the hydraulic cylinder changing direction lead by the high frequent oil flow direction.To meet the needs of different operating conditions,overcome the strong swing problem of the clamping cylinder generated by tamping bar vibration and the wear of tamping bar by forced vibration,exciting technology of load sensing and stepless regulation of frequency and amplitude is the trend of tamping device vibration development.

关 键 词：捣固装置 激振技术 电液激振 振动频率 振幅 

分 类 号：U216[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]