英帝国政治治理评析——差异化治理模式及效应考察  

An Analysis of the Political Governance and Effects of the British Empire: Differentia and Pragmatism

作　　者：潘兴明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院,上海200062

出　　处：《史学集刊》2013年第5期67-76,共10页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家开发银行项目"西方发达国家帝国性扩张与治理的历史研究"阶段性成果

摘　　要：英帝国的政治治理充分体现了实用主义传统,在不同历史时期针对不同类型殖民地通过不同的方式实施政治治理,形成各具特色的差异化治理模式:即在爱尔兰的由政府引领、商界支持和民众参与的垦殖模式;在东印度的由政府特许、殖民公司运作的公司模式;在北美的由探险家、民众、公司和业主发起、得到政府支持的移民模式和在非洲由国家(英国政府)全程掌控对殖民地的争夺、取得和治理的国家模式。英帝国的差异性治理的特点是:宗主国与殖民地的治理制度不同;四种类型殖民地的治理方式不同;英帝国对属地实行分权制的具体形式不同,同时治理效应也不尽相同。The political governance of the British Empire fully reflected its tradition of pragmatism, while in different historical periods, the British government implemented the political governance in different ways in different types of colonies, thereby formulated differentiated governance modes with their own characteristics： the plantation mode in Ireland, led by the British Government, supported by the business community and participated by the public; the company mode in East India, chartered by the government, operated by the East India Company; the immigration mode in North America, initiated by the explorers, the public, compa- nies and proprietors, supported by the government; the state mode in Africa, dominated by the state （British government） through its control of the fight for colonial conquest, acquisition and administration. The differen- tiated political governance of the British Empire was characterized by the followings： the governance systems in the suzerain and colonies were different; the governance patterns in three types of colonies were different; the decentralization processes carried out in different parts of the British Empire were different; and finally, the governance effects in those colonized territories are not the same as well.

关 键 词：英帝国 政治治理 垦殖模式 公司模式 移民模式 国家模式 

分 类 号：D756.1[政治法律—政治学] K561[政治法律—中外政治制度]