不同碳氮比有机肥对有机农业土壤微生物生物量的影响  

Effects of organic manures with different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on soil microbial biomass of organic agriculture

作　　者：王利利[1] 董民[1] 张璐[1] 杜相革[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第9期1073-1077,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

摘　　要：有机肥能提高土壤微生物活性,改善土壤品质。碳氮比是影响有机肥肥效的重要因素。本试验以无肥处理为对照(CK),设置4个有机肥碳氮比处理(20︰1、15︰1、10︰1、5︰1),在温室中进行茄子盆栽试验,定期采集土壤样品,用熏蒸提取法测定土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、氮(SMBN),研究等氮条件下不同碳氮比有机肥料对土壤生物活性的影响。试验结果表明,不同碳氮比的有机肥均能提高土壤的SMBC和SMBN含量,具体表现为SMBC:20︰1>10︰1≈15︰1>5︰1>CK,SMBN:15︰1>10︰1>20︰1>5︰1>CK。SMBC/SMBN的比率反映土壤氮素生物活性,其值越低,生物活性越大,氮素损失越少,本试验SMBC/SMBN表现为:15︰1<10︰1<20︰1≈5︰1<CK。因此,有机肥的碳氮比为15︰1和10︰1时,土壤氮素有较高的生物活性,氮素利用率高。碳氮比较高时(20︰1)土壤微生物生物量碳含量高,但是土壤氮素活性低;碳氮比较低时(5︰1),土壤微生物量低。该研究为有机农业科学施用有机肥提供了理论基础和实践依据。It was possible to increase soil microbial activity and improve soil quality by using organic fertilizers.Carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is critical for high efficiency of organic fertilizer.A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of organic fertilizers with different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios on soil microbial biomass at the same level of nitrogen.Of the five treatments used in the study,four received organic manure in different carbon-to-nitrogen ratios（20︰1,15︰1,10︰1 and 5︰1） and another was non fertilizer treatment（CK）.The results showed that all of the treatments with organic fertilizers increased soil contents of microbial biomass C and N.The order of soil microbial biomass C content for different treatments was 20︰1 10︰1 ≈ 15︰1 5︰1 CK.Also the order of soil microbial biomass N content for different treatments was 15︰1 10︰1 20︰1 5︰1 CK.The soil microbial biomass C/N reflected soil nitrogen biological activity.The order of soil microbial biomass C/N for different treatments was 15︰1 10︰1 20︰1 ≈ 5︰1 CK.This suggested that organic manures with 15︰1 or 10︰1 carbon-to-nitrogen ratios improved biological activity of soil nitrogen and decreased nitrogen loss.Although soil microbial biomass was high under fertilization of organic manure with a high（20︰1） carbon-to-nitrogen ratio,biological activity of soil nitrogen was low.Soil microbial biomass was low under treatment of organic manure with a low（5︰1） carbon-to-nitrogen ratio.The study laid the theoretical and practical bases for the scientific use of organic manure in organic agriculture.

关 键 词：有机农业 碳氮比 土壤 微生物生物量碳 微生物生物量氮 

分 类 号：S146.1[农业科学—肥料学]