不同恢复方式下盐渍化弃耕地土壤生物学活性的变化  

Soil biological activity of abandoned saline fields with different restoration treatments

作　　者：闫靖华[1] 庞玮[1] 张凤华[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学/新疆兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第9期1088-1094,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171507);国际科技合作专项项目(2011DFA93140);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20126518110002)资助

摘　　要：以干旱区新疆玛纳斯河流域冲积扇缘定点定位试验地为研究对象,研究灌溉处理、人工草地处理和补植处理对盐渍化弃耕地土壤微生物量、酶活性及土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,不同恢复方式均明显增加了土壤微生物数量和土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤酶活性。不同处理土壤微生物量碳、氮分别比原始弃耕地高17.80%、26.38%、5.33%和7.89%、12.75%、21.93%;不同处理土壤微生物数量分别是原始弃耕地的4.72倍、6.04倍和4.56倍;不同处理土壤蔗糖酶活性分别比原始弃耕地高3.4倍、3.2倍和7.7倍,多酚氧化酶活性比原始弃耕地高1.7倍、1.2倍和1.5倍,脲酶活性比原始弃耕地高11.1%、52.3%和37.1%;灌溉处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高,是原始弃耕地的1.53倍,土壤呼吸速率变化表现为人工草地处理>灌溉处理>补植处理>原始弃耕地,其中,人工草地处理土壤呼吸速率比弃耕地高52.25%。相关分析表明,微生物量碳与微生物C/N和微生物数量之间均呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05);土壤呼吸速率与土壤脲酶、微生物数量和微生物量碳的相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05),与土壤微生物量氮呈负相关关系,但相关性不显著;土壤蔗糖酶与其他3种酶以及微生物量氮呈显著正相关关系,土壤脲酶与微生物数量呈显著正相关关系,多酚氧化酶与过氧化氢酶相关性达到显著水平(P<0.05)。本研究表明干旱区盐渍化弃耕地采用灌溉与人工草地处理有利于土壤养分积累,可在一定程度上改善土壤质量。The characteristics of soil microorganisms are critical in soil restoration and ecosystem health.To a large extent,different restoration methods of vegetation have different effects on the activity of soil microorganisms.The understanding of the characteristics of soil microorganisms under different restoration methods of vegetation is critical for exploring the effects of vegetation restoration on soils and for laying the scientific basis for ecological restoration of abandoned fields.In this study,a field experiment was conducted in saline soil of the alluvial fans of the Manas River Valley,which is largely an arid region.The four treatments were set out in the experiment,including original abandoned field（control）,water supplement field,artificial grassland field and plant supplement field.The last three treatments were applied in the original abandoned field.The main aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different restoration models on soil microbial biomass,enzyme activity and soil respiration rate of abandoned saline fields.The results indicated that soil enzyme activity,soil microbial population and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly enhanced by different vegetation restoration models.Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen under water supplement field,artificial grassland field and planting supplement field were respectively 17.80%,26.38%,5.33%,and 7.89%,12.75%,21.93% higher than those under original abandoned field.The numbers of soil microbes under the three vegetation restoration treatments were respectively 4.72,6.04 and 4.56 times that of original abandoned field.Also soil sucrase activity under the three different restoration treatments were respectively 3.4,3.2 and 7.7 times that of the original abandoned field.Then soil polyphenol oxidase activity under the three different restoration treatments were respectively 1.7,1.2 and 1.5 times that of the original abandoned field.Similarly,soil urease activity of three different restoration treatments were resp

关 键 词：植被恢复 土壤微生物量 土壤酶活性 土壤呼吸速率 盐渍化弃耕地 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]