灌浆期风灾倒伏对玉米籽粒灌浆特性及品质的影响  

Effect of wind damage on grain-filling characteristics, grain quality and yield of spring maize (Zea mays L.)

作　　者：曹庆军[1] 曹铁华[1] 杨粉团[1] Lamine Diallo 李刚[1] 王立春[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,长春130033 [2]吉林大学植物科学学院,长春130062

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第9期1107-1113,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金："十二五"国家粮食丰产科技工程重大专项(2011BAD16B10);"十二五"国家科技计划项目(2012BAD201304)资助

摘　　要：为了评估风灾倒伏造成的玉米产量损失,采用田间试验的方法对灌浆期风灾倒伏后捆扶处理、未倒伏以及倒伏上层和倒伏下层玉米籽粒建成和品质形成规律进行研究。结果表明,倒伏后第6 d玉米倒伏覆盖下层植株籽粒灌浆速率和籽粒含水率分别是对照处理（未倒伏）的26.9%和136.0%,倒伏使籽粒灌浆速率显著降低,后期籽粒脱水速度减慢。在产量上,倒伏后捆扶、倒伏上层、倒伏下层单株产量分别比对照减产11.75%、10.51%和29.88%,倒伏对下层被覆盖玉米植株影响较大,倒伏减产原因主要是由于穗粒数的减少,其次灌浆速率降低造成百粒重下降。田间45个定位点,倒伏最高减产29.68%,平均减产14.75%,进一步验证了灌浆期风灾倒伏对玉米产量的影响较大。相关分析表明,籽粒建成过程中籽粒干重与淀粉、脂肪含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.618~0.861和0.580~0.797（P〈0.01）,与蛋白含量呈极显著负相关,风灾倒伏对粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量影响较大,而对淀粉含量影响较小。在倒伏后及时进行捆扶处理对降低玉米产量与品质损失有一定的积极作用。A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of lodging caused by wind in Aug.2012 in Changchun,Jilin Province,on grain-filling characteristics,grain quality and yield of spring maize（Zea mays L.）.The maize plants were divided into four groups（treatments）—no lodging（CK）,disposition of lodging plants（DL）,lower part of the lodging layer（LL）,and upper part of the lodging layer（UL）.The results showed that grain-filling and kernel dehydration rates were significantly affected by wind-caused lodging.Compared to CK,grain-filling rate and moisture content of LL treatment respectively increased by 26.9% and 136.0% at 6 days after lodging.Under DL,UL and LL treatments,maize yield respectively dropped by 11.75%,10.51% and 29.88% compared with CK.This suggested that lower layer part maize yield was most affected by wind damage.Seed yield component analysis showed that the yield reduction was mainly due to the reductions in effective grain per spike and the 100-kernel weight,both caused by reduced grain-filling rate.Statistical analysis showed that the maximum and average yield reduction rates were respectively 29.68% and 14.75%.This,further strongly indicated that wind damage significantly influenced maize yield.Lodging also influenced grain nutrient store.Fat and protein stores were more significantly affected than starch store.Correlation analysis showed that grain nutrient store was extremely significantly and positively correlated with kernel dry weight.The correlation coefficients between kernel dry weight and starch and then between kernel dry weight and fat were 0.618~0.861 and 0.580~0.797（P 0.01）,respectively.Meanwhile,kernel dry weight was significantly negatively correlated with protein.However,taking timely anti-wind damage measures like bundles after lodging significantly reduced yield loss.

关 键 词：风灾 倒伏 玉米 灌浆特性 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]