生活垃圾焚烧处理设施周边环境重金属污染健康风险评价  

Primary Research on Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Surrounding Soil and Air of a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator(MSWI), South China

作　　者：张海龙[1,2] 李祥平[3] 齐剑英[1,4] 陈永亨[2] 林必桂[1] 任明忠[1] 方建德[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广州510655 [2]广州大学环境科学与工程学院,广州510006 [3]广州大学化学工程学院,广州510006 [4]广东省农业环境综合治理实验室,广州510655

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2013年第8期1670-1676,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41203061;40903044);环保公益性科研专项项目(201109001)

摘　　要：采用USEPA环境健康风险评价模型,评估了垃圾焚烧对周边环境的健康风险。结果表明:Cr对儿童经呼吸暴露致癌风险值在2.15×10-4～5.75×10-4间,对成人的风险值在8.59×10-4～2.30×10-3间,均超过风险临界值(1×10-4);As和Pb对儿童和成人风险最大值分别为1.84×10-6和1.60×10-6;各金属风险依次为:Cr>As>Pb,随距焚烧炉距离增加而降低,且儿童风险低于成人。经皮肤粘滞的致癌风险为成人高于儿童,但均低于安全值,风险大小依次为:As>Pb>Cr。经口暴露的致癌风险儿童高于成人,均低于安全值,顺序依次为:Cr>Pb>As。该区域Tl对儿童的综合危害指数HI在1.02～1.40,大于安全值1,对成人的HI最大值为:0.194;Cr对儿童的HI在0.633～1.37间,对成人的HI在0.541～1.21间;Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Hg对成人和儿童危害指数最大值分别为:4.66×10-1、1.58×10-2、1.15×10-2、9.40×10-1、4.83×10-1、1.91×10-2,各金属的HI依次为:Cr>Tl>Cd>As>Ni>Cu>Zn>Hg。整个研究区域T(l对儿童)和Cr存在一定的健康风险。The exposure and health risk assessment of heavy metals of the surrounding municipal solid waste incinerator（MSWI）was evalu- ated using the US EPA risk assessment model. The carcinogenic health risk results showed that risk values of Cr via inhalation were 2.15×10 -4 ～5.75×10 -4 for children and 8.59×10 -4～2.30×10 -3 for adult, higher than the risk threshold level 1. The highest values of As and Pb were 1.84×10 -6 and 1.60×10 -6 , lower than the acceptable level; The carcinogenic health risk values of heavy metals via inhalation exposure were Cr As Pb with lower value for children than adult, and the value was reduced with the increased distances to MSWI. The carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals via dermal contact exposure was within acceptable level and higher for adults than children. The carcinogenic health risk order of heavy metals was AsPbCr. The carcinogenic health risk of heavy metals via ingestion exposure was also within acceptable level and higher for children than adults, with the carcinogenic risk order as CrPbAs. The hazard index of Tl for children was 1.02～1.40, higher than the safety threshold leve（l=1）, indicating the potential carcinogenic risk to children. The highest value of Tl for adult was 0.194. The hazard index of Cr for children were 0.633～1.37 and 1.02～1.40 for adult, indicating it might pose non-carcinogenic risk to children and adults. The highest hazard index values of Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、As、Hg for children and adults were：4.66×10-1 、1.58×10-2 、1.15×10-2 、9.40×10-1 、4.83×10-1 、1.91×10-2 , with the HI order as CrTlCdAsNiCuZnHg. Our results indicated that Tl and Cr exist health risk in this study area.

关 键 词：垃圾焚烧设施 健康风险评价 重金属 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]