两种海星对三种双壳贝类的捕食选择性和摄食率  

Prey selection and feeding rate of sea stars Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera on three bivalves

作　　者：齐占会[1,2] 王珺[1] 毛玉泽[2] 张继红[2] 方建光[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第16期4878-4884,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41106088);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD13B02);863计划(2012AA052103);重点实验室开放课题(201104,MESE-2011-02,开-c10-09)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下,研究了多棘海盘车和海燕这两种海星对栉孔扇贝、菲律宾蛤仔和贻贝三种双壳贝类的捕食选择性和摄食率及温度的影响,测定了捕食Q10温度系数。结果显示:多棘海盘车和海燕对三种贝类均可捕食,且表现出明显的捕食选择性,选择顺序依次为菲律宾蛤仔、贻贝和栉孔扇贝。海星对菲律宾蛤仔的摄食率显著高于其他两种贝类,分别为0.50和0.37个/d;对扇贝的摄食率最低,分别为0.05和0.07个/d。海星摄食率随水温升高而呈上升的趋势,总平均摄食干重分别为0.69和0.79 g/d。水温从4.3℃升高到7.8℃多棘海盘车和海燕捕食Q10系数分别为6.38和2.33,而水温从7.8℃升高至13.3℃时,Q10系数没有显著升高,分别为1.13和1.22。说明水温从4.3℃升高时,海星捕食强度显著升高,是防御海星的重点时期。根据海星对贝类捕食的选择性,可在养殖笼内放入贻贝等低值贝类来保护扇贝,缓冲海星对扇贝的捕食,并在缓冲期间对养殖笼内的海星进行清除。Sea stars are one of the primary predators of shellfish and often cause mass mortality among cultured shellfish.To develop effective control strategies,it is critical to understand the feeding ecophysiology（e.g.,feeding rate and prey selection） of sea stars. Asterias amurensis and Asterina pectinifera are the dominant sea star species in the coastal waters of China.We evaluated prey selection and the feeding rate of these two sea stars on three species of bivalves： scallops Chlamys farreri,clams Ruditapes philippinarum,and blue mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis.The experimental sea stars and bivalves were collected from Sanggou Bay,Northern China and transported to our seaside laboratory.The animals were acclimated to laboratory conditions for 7 d prior to the initiation of the experiment.The experiment was conducted between March 19 and April 5,2008,at different seawater temperatures.Following acclimation,the sea stars were placed in cement tanks（L×W×H=6×1×0.5 m） at a density of 5 individuals per tank（single species per tank）.The sea water was pumped from Sanggou Bay and sand filtered.Daily water exchange was ca 100%.We placed the bivalves（N=30 per species） evenly in each tank to ensure the sea stars had an equal probability of encountering the three species of bivalves.Each treatment was conducted in triplicate（N= 3 tanks）.The number of bivalves of each species preyed upon by the sea stars was recorded twice daily at 7：00 and 17：00.In addition,we measured the Q10 coefficient at water temperatures ranging from 4.3—7.8℃ and from 7.8—13.3℃. Both species of sea star preyed on all three bivalve species.Similarly,both species exhibited preference in the order clammusselscallop.During the first part of the experiment（March 19—24）,A.amurensis preyed on 64.28,28.57,and 7.14% of the scallops,clams,and blue mussels,respectively.A.pectinifera preyed upon 50,44.44,and 5.56% of the bivalve species,respectively.The mean feeding rates of A.amurensis and A.pectinifera on the clam（0.

关 键 词：海星 多棘海盘车 海燕 捕食选择性 摄食率 

分 类 号：S944.2[农业科学—水产养殖]