施肥对红壤水稻土团聚体分布及其碳氮含量的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on aggregate dynamics and organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in a reddish paddy soil

作　　者：刘希玉[1,2] 王忠强[1] 张心昱[2] 徐丽丽[2,3] 施瑶[1,2] 孙晓敏[2] 杨风亭[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学地理科学学院,长春130024 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [3]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第16期4949-4955,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-EW-310);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41171153;41001179)

摘　　要：依托中国科学院千烟洲生态试验站,利用1998年建立的红壤水稻田长期定位施肥试验,研究秸秆还田(ST)、化肥(NPK)、有机肥(OM)等施肥方式对红壤水稻土各粒级团聚体分布及其碳氮含量影响。结果表明:在所有施肥处理条件下红壤水稻土团聚体分布以<63μm的粉砂和粘粒为主,占41%—54%,长期施肥特别是施用OM有利于促进红壤水稻土大粒级团聚体形成;分别施用ST、NPK和OM均能提高红壤水稻土全土及各粒级团聚体中的有机碳和全氮含量,施用OM提高幅度最大。因此,在我国南方红壤稻作区的农业生产过程中应施用有机肥,从而改善土壤结构、碳贮量和养分状况。Fertilizer application is one of the most important management practices for improving soil fertility and increasing crop yield.However,it is far from certain how different forms of fertilizer affect the soil aggregate composition and carbon and nitrogen dynamics,especially for reddish paddy soils although it is one of the most popular soil types in China.A long-term field experiment has been established on a reddish paddy soil of Qianyanzhou Ecological Experiment Station（114°53′E,26°48′N） in Jiangxi Province in 1998.Four treatments were carried out： Control with no fertilizer（CK）,straw return（ST）,mineral fertilizers（NPK） and pig manure（OM）,aiming to evaluate the effects of different forms of fertilizer on the distribution of soil aggregates and carbon and nitrogen content.The results showed that：（1） under control treatment,the 63μm particles（silt and clay） are the dominant component in the soils,accounting for approximately 41%—54% of bulk soil,followed by 63—250μm microaggregate and 250—500μm macroaggregate.Compared with CK,long term application of NPK and OM significantly increased the fraction of 250—500μm particles and decreased the fraction of 63μm particles,and the application of OM significantly increased the particles of 63—250μm and of 250—500μm;（2） the long-term application of ST,NPK and OM increased the organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in the three aggregates,following the order of CKSTNPKOM;（3） for the particles of 250μm,the C/N ratios declined gradually along the decrease of particle size under OM treatment.Regardless of treatment,the soil EC（carbon enrichment） and EN（nitrogen enrichment） were 1 in the aggregates of 63—125 μm and 63μm,suggesting that the 125μm aggregate made dominant contribution to the total organic carbon and nitrogen storage in the reddish paddy soil.This study provides fundamental information for choosing proper fertilization practices to improve soil fertility.

关 键 词：团聚体 秸秆还田 化肥 有机肥 有机碳 全氮 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]