千岛湖岛屿社鼠的种群年龄结构和性比  

The research on the age structure and sex ratio of Niviventer confucianus in Thousand Island Lake

作　　者：张旭[1] 鲍毅新[1] 刘军[1] 沈良良[1] 叶彬[1] 施渭渭[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学生态研究所,金华321004

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第16期5000-5007,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金项目(Y507080)

摘　　要：2009年7月至11月以及2010年3月至11月在千岛湖地区2个岛屿上对社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)种群进行标志重捕,通过对社鼠种群年龄结构和性比的研究,探讨陆桥岛屿环境下生境片段化对社鼠种群结构的影响。结果显示:社鼠种群年龄结构整体上均表现为由上半年幼年组和亚成年组占优势逐渐过渡到下半年成年组和老年组占绝对优势,岛屿环境对社鼠年龄结构变化的影响与陆地环境有所不同;两岛社鼠种群数量与性比(♀∶♂)之间均存在显著的负相关性(B岛2010年7—11月除外),当种群数量处于高峰期时,雌性少于雄性,而种群数量处于低潮期时,雌性多于雄性,这可能是社鼠种群数量变动内部调节机制的一种表现;由于9—10月和2—3月的繁殖高峰以及高的胎仔数,翌年上半年种群数量就能恢复并达到全年最高峰。We live-trapped two Niviventer confucianus populations from October 2009 to November 2010 in Thousand Island Lake region using the capture-mark-recapture（CMR） method,and studied the age structure and sex ratio of the populations.Then,we discussed the impact of habitat fragmentation on the population structure of Niviventer confucianus.Our results showed that the dominant groups included juvenile group and sub-adult group in the first half of the year,while they changed into the adult group and old-adult group after half the year.It was different in the influence on the age structure of Niviventer confucianus between the land-bridge island and terrestrial environment.The juvenile group began to appear in October and November,and the high proportion of juvenile group was in March and April.So the population growth reached the peak in the first half of the year.Because of Aging,the population eventually declined after half the year.There was significantly negative correlation between the population quantity and sex ratio.When the population sizes reached the peak,the number of females was less than that of males.Nevertheless,when the population sizes were low,the number of females was more.We considered that in the process of population growth,the females were more important than males.This may be a performance of the internal adjustment mechanism of population dynamics of Niviventer confucianus.The predation risk is one of the main factors to affect the sex ratio.The wild boar may lead to the fewer males in June in B island.The average litter size of Niviventer confucianus in medium-sized island was significantly higher than that in Jinhua region from September to October.Because of the high breeding rates in September and October,February and March,the population reached to a higher level in the first half of the second year.

关 键 词：年龄结构 性比 社鼠（Niviventer confucianus） 千岛湖岛屿 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]