青藏高原高寒草地净初级生产力(NPP)时空分异  

Spatial and temporal variability in the net primary production (NPP) of alpine grassland on Tibetan Plateau from 1982 to 2009

作　　者：张镱锂[1] 祁威[1,2] 周才平[1] 丁明军[1,3] 刘林山[1] 高俊刚[1] 摆万奇[1] 王兆锋[1] 郑度[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]江西师范大学鄱阳湖湿地与流域研究教育部重点实验室,南昌330028

出　　处：《地理学报》2013年第9期1197-1211,共15页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951704);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05060704;XDB03030501)资助~~

摘　　要：基于1982．2009年间的遥感数据和野外台站生态实测数据，利用遥感生产力模型（CASA模型）估算青藏高原高寒草地植被净初级生产力（NPP），分别从地带属性（自然地带、海拔高程、经纬度）、流域、行政区域（县级）等方面对其时空变化过程进行分析，阐述了1982年以来青藏高原高寒草地植被NPP的时空格局与变化特征。结果表明：①青藏高原高寒草地NPP多年均值的空间分布表现为由东南向西北逐渐递减；1982—2009年间，青藏高原高寒草地的年均总NPP为177．2×10^12gC·yr^-1，单位面积年均植被NPP为120．8gC·m^-2yr^-1；②研究时段内，青藏高原高寒草地年均NPP在112．6～129．9gC·m^-2yr^-1间，呈波动上升的趋势，增幅为13．3％；NPP增加的草地占草地总面积的32．56％、减少的占5．55％；③青藏高原多数自然地带内的NPP呈增加趋势，仅阿里山地半荒漠、荒漠地带NPP呈轻微减低趋势，其中高寒灌丛草甸地带和草原地带的NPP增长幅度明显大于高寒荒漠地带；年均NPP增加面积比随着海拔升高呈现“升高-稳定-降低”的特点，而降低面积比则呈现“降低-稳定-升高”的特征；④各主要流域草地年均植被NPP均呈现增长趋势，其中黄河流域增长趋势显著且增幅最大。植被NPP和盖度及生长季时空变化显示，青藏高原高寒草地生态系统健康状况总体改善局部恶化。Using NOAA AVHRR NDVI data （8 km spatial resolution） from 1982-2000, as well as SPOT VGT data （1 km spatial resolution） and observation data from 1998-2009, the CASA model was applied to analyze the spatial-temporal characteristics of alpine grassland NPP change on the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. This study will help to evaluate the health status of the alpine grassland ecosystem and is of great importance to studies on sustainable development of pasture on the plateau, as well as to research on the national ecological security shelter function of the Tibetan Plateau. Spatial statistical analysis is carried out based on physio-geographical zonality （natural zone, altitude, latitude and longitude）, river basin, and administrative areas at a county level. Data processing was completed on an ENVI 4.8 platform while spatial analysis and mapping were completed on an ArcGIS 9.3 and ANUSPLINE platform. The analysis of the spatial-temporal pattern and change in characteristics of alpine grassland NPP showed that： （1） the alpine grassland NPP gradually decreased from southeast to northwest on the TP, which corresponded with the gradients of precipitation and temperature. The average annual total NPP in alpine grassland on the TP is 177.2×10^12 gC·yr^-1, and the average annual NPP is 120.8gC·m^-2yr^-1, from 1982 to 2009. （2） The annual alpine grassland NPP on the TP has a fluctuating and increasing tendency, ranging from 114.7 gC·m^-2yr^-1 in 1982, to 129.9 gC·m^-2yr^-1 in 2009, with a 13.3% increase; the alpine grassland showing a significantly increasing tendency of NPP is above 32% of the total, while the alpine grassland that shows a remarkably decreased tendency of NPP is 5.55%. （3） A notable change of annual NPP existed in alpine grassland： （a） NPP increased in most of the natural zones on the TP, and showed a slightly decreasing trend, except for the Ngari montane desert-steppe and desert zone, where the increasing tendency of NPP was stronger in a high-cold shrub-meadow zone, high

关 键 词：青藏高原 植被净初级生产力(NPP) CASA模型 变化格局 变化趋势 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]