气候变化背景下中国南方地区季节性干旱特征与适应Ⅳ.基于作物水分亏缺指数的玉米干旱时空特征  

Characteristics and adaptation of seasonal drought in southern China under the background of global climate change. Ⅳ. Spatiotemporal characteristics of drought for maize based on crop water deficit index

作　　者：隋月[1,2] 黄晚华[1,3] 杨晓光[1] 李茂松[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029 [3]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410007 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第9期2590-2598,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD04B07);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001)资助

摘　　要：基于1959-2008年中国南方地区249个气象台站的地面观测资料,以作物水分亏缺指数为玉米干旱指标,计算其干旱频率和干旱站次比,分析中国南方地区春玉米和夏玉米各生育阶段发生干旱的时空分布特征.结果表明:从干旱发生频率的空间分布看,春玉米在淮北、云南北部和华南南部发生的干旱较严重,在其他地区的干旱相对较轻;除了长江中下游地区、华南北部和西南东部的夏玉米在生育后期干旱较严重,研究区域内夏玉米在其生育前期和中期干旱较轻.从干旱面积和强度的变化趋势看,长江中下游地区春玉米在七叶到拔节阶段的干旱强度明显增加,在吐丝后到乳熟阶段的干旱面积和强度呈减小趋势;夏玉米在拔节后期到抽雄阶段以及吐丝后到乳熟阶段的干旱都呈减轻趋势.西南地区春玉米、夏玉米的干旱强度和范围没有明显趋势.从干旱面积和范围的年际和年代际变化看,长江中下游地区夏玉米的变化较大,而西南地区差异较小.Based on the 1959-2008 meteorological data from 249 meteorological stations in south- ern China, and by using crop water deficit index （CWDI） as the agricultural drought index, this paper calculated the drought frequency and drought stations ratio in this region, and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of drought for spring maize and summer maize during their growth periods. As for the spatial pattern of drought frequency, the drought for spring maize was more severe in the north of Huaihe River, northern Yunnan, and southern South China, but was lighter in the other regions. Except that the drought for summer maize at its late developmental stage was more severe in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, northern South China, and eastern Southwest China, the drought for summer maize at its other developmental stages within southern China was lighter. As for the variation trend of drought intensity and drought area, the drought in- tensity of spring maize from its seven-leaf stage to jointing stage in the middle-lower reaches of Yan- gtze River increased obviously, while the drought intensity and drought area of the spring maize from its late spinning stage to milky maturity stage presented a decreasing trend. The drought of summer maize from its late jointing stage to tasseling stage and from late spinning stage to milky maturity stage all showed a decreasing trend. In Southwest China, the drought intensity and drought area forspring maize and summer maize had no clear trend. From the viewpoint of the inter-annual and dec- adal variability of drought intensity and drought area, there was a larger variation tbr the summer maize in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, but less difference in Southwest China.

关 键 词：玉米 季节性干旱 作物水分亏缺指数 生育阶段 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]