转基因作物对土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of transgenic crops on soil microorganisms: A review

作　　者：张艳军[1] 谢明[1] 彭德良[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所/植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室/农业部生物防治重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2013年第9期2685-2690,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：转基因重点专项(2009ZX08011-028B);国家"863"计划项目(2011AA10A204);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903040)资助

摘　　要：全球范围内转基因农作物的大量种植不仅带来巨大的经济利益,同时也引发了人们关于转基因作物对包含土壤微生物在内的土壤生态系统的潜在风险的忧虑.转基因作物对土壤微生物的影响包括外源基因表达蛋白对非靶标土壤微生物的直接影响,也包括因外源基因导入而植物根系分泌物组分变化引起的间接影响.目前,对转基因作物的大多数研究表明,转基因作物能引起土壤微生物种群数量和结构的变化.但是,转基因作物对土壤微生物的影响力度有大有小,持续时间有长有短,评价不一.本文综述了不同种类转基因作物对土壤微生物的影响,对转基因作物种类、试验技术和原则等影响评价结果准确性的因素进行了讨论,提出了进一步研究需要注意的问题.The worldwide cultivation of transgenic crops not only provides tremendous economic benefits, but also induces the concern about the potential risks of transgenic crops on soil ecosystem in which microorganisms are involved. The potential effects of transgenic crops on soil microorgan- isms include the direct effects of the transgenie proteins on non-target soil microorganisms, and the indirect effects of the unintentional changes in the chemical compositions of root exudates induced by the introduction of the exogenous transgenic proteins. Most of the studies on transgenic crops suggested that transgenic crops could affect the quantity and structure of soil microbial populations. However, the perceivable effects on the soil microorganisms are inconsistent, with some in signifi- cant and others in non-significant, or some with persistent and others with non-persistent. This pa- per summarized the effects of different transgenic crops on soil microorganisms, and discussed the factors affecting the assessment reliability, including the species of transgenic crops and the experi- mental technologies and principles. Some issues needed to be paid special attention to in the future studies were put forward.

关 键 词：转基因作物 根系分泌物 作物残体 土壤微生物 安全性评价 

分 类 号：S154.4[农业科学—土壤学]