主因子分析方法在确定地下水石油烃生物降解过程中的应用  

Determination of biogeochemical processes in oil-contaminated aquifer using principal component analysis

作　　者：吕航[1] 刘明遥[1] 苏小四[1] 林广宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学地下水资源与环境教育部重点实验室,吉林长春130026

出　　处：《中南大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第8期3552-3560,共9页Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology

基　　金：中国地调局地质调查项目(1212011220981);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41203050);吉林省自然科学基金资助项目(201215023)

摘　　要：为揭示某石油烃污染场地地下水生物降解作用机制,通过主因子分析方法对场地三期水化学监测数据进行研究,将各变量归纳为5个主因子,因子1主要由Ca2＋,Mg2＋,K＋和Cl构成,与矿物溶解反应关系密切,因子2~5与石油烃污染物（总油）、生物降解产物（HCO3等）、电子受体（SO42等）和水化学环境指标（pH等）等相关性较强,表征了石油烃生物降解作用（以有氧呼吸、硫酸盐还原和硝酸盐还原为主）对水化学环境的影响,上述指标在空间上的变化规律也进一步验证了反应的发生。同时,代表微生物降解作用的主因子得分系数在场地污染源和污染晕上游位置为正值,其他位置均为负值,表明该位置地下水主要受微生物降解作用的控制,而矿物溶解作用则主要影响了污染晕下游和边缘位置的水化学条件。采用主因子分析方法可以更进一步分析解释监测数据,为识别微生物降解作用的发生和确定主要的氧化还原过程提供一种有效的手段。Three rounds of monitoring data were used to analyze the most important goveming processes and their space distribution by principal component analysis. Five factors explaining most of the variability were extracted. Factor 1 is highly correlated with Mg2＋, Ca2＋, K＋ and CI-, which can be interpreted as the mineral dissolution factor. Factors 2-5 are all correlated with the petroleum hydrocarbons contaminants, degradation products （HCO3-）, electron acceptors （such as SO42 ） and indicators of environmental conditions （pH）, indicating the occurrence of biodegradation processes, especially sulfate reduction, aerobic respiration and nitrate reduction, and the space distribution of the indicators above also confirms the reaction. On the other hand, the scores of Factor 2, which represent the biodegradation process, are positive in the core and upgradient of the contaminated plume and negative in the downgradient, which further confirm that from the core and upgradient of the contaminated plume to the the downgradient, the impact of biodegradation weakens and mineral dissolution strengthens. The principal component analysis can further explain the monitoring data, and it is a useful tool to study the biodegradation processes and identify the dominant terminal electron-accepting process in contaminated aquifers.

关 键 词：地下水 石油烃污染 生物降解 主因子分析 

分 类 号：P641.3[天文地球—地质矿产勘探] X523[天文地球—地质学]