东北亚三次大海战与《黄海战图》  

Three Major Northeast Asia Sea Battles and “The Chart of Battle on the Yellow Sea”

作　　者：王琰[1] 张晓刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国大百科全书出版社,北京100037 [2]大连大学东北亚研究院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《大连大学学报》2013年第4期1-11,共11页Journal of Dalian University

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金项目(09YJA710005)

摘　　要：日本帝国前期对外一系列成功的侵略扩张无不是以旨在争夺东北亚制海权进行的海上战役为先导的。这一时期日本联合舰队进行过3次大规模海战,占蒸汽装甲时代世界大规模海战总次数的3/4。海战中,旅顺口要塞陷落后俄国大本营让未经训练没有海战经验的第二太平洋舰队继续东进通过与联合舰队决战入泊海参崴只能是必败之道,而让舰队避免北上决战,通过辅助船定期赴胶州湾和上海港采买获得补给坚持在黄海、东海、南海施行一段时间破交战才是惟一能够实现开赴远东所抱战略目的的作战样式。日俄黄海海战是世界海战史上第一次以蒸汽装甲战列舰编队交战为主的大规模海上战役。旅顺口分舰队突围港会合海参崴分舰队的成败是决定俄国在这场战争中命运的关键。20世纪初日本军史画家创作的《黄海战图》描绘的正是日俄黄海大战双方胜负发生逆转的一幕,而与中日黄海大战或日俄对马海战无关。In the early stage of the Japanese Empire, the imperial navy won all their invasions by launching sea battles to seize the sea power of Northeast Asia. The combined fleet waged three large-scale sea battles, accounting for three-fourths of the world sea battles in the steam armor era. This paper analyzes that the Russian Headquarters lost the battles, after the fall of the Liishun Fort, because it sent its untrained and tired Pacific fleet eastward, trying to enter Vladivostok through the battle against the Japanese combined fleet; and that it would be a better war model if it had not sent its fleet northward but obtained supply regularly through its auxiliary ships from Jiaozhou Bay and Shanghai Port to break tile traffic line in the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. It was a key to decide the fate of Russia if Liishun squadron could successfully break out to join Vladivostok squadron. ＂The chart of battle on the Yellow Sea＂ by the Japanese military drawers in early 20th century precisely depicted the reversed changes of Japan and Russia, which had nothing to do with the war between China and Japan in the Yellow Sea or the battle of Tsushima between Japan and Russia.

关 键 词：东北亚制海权 三次大海战 《黄海战图》 敌前大转向 机动破交战 

分 类 号：K304[历史地理—历史学]