近代中国城市民变的比较审视——以1908年汉口摊户风潮与1946年上海摊贩风潮为中心  

A Comparative Study of the Urban Mass Uprising in Modern China——Focusing on the Hankou Street Vendor Wave in 1908 and Shanghai Street Vendor Wave in 1946

作　　者：胡俊修[1,2] 李静[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学马克思主义学院 [2]武汉大学中国传统文化研究中心

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（人文科学版）》2013年第5期97-106,共10页Wuhan University Journal (Humanity Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(11CZS056);教育部人文社会科学基金项目(09YJC770041);中国博士后基金(631-180713)

摘　　要：在近代中国城市现代化进程中,政府管理下层社会群体时常失效从而诱发城市民变,在某种程度上改变了城市政治文化与日常生活。1908年汉口摊户风潮与1946年上海摊贩风潮对比表明,摊贩集体行动的爆发是政府管理摊贩失效与异化社会环境共同作用的结果,其抗争方式、步骤、目标呈现出一般性展演规律和大众心态,也在历史的发展中发生局部变异。市政当局、商会组织、新闻媒体、权力谋求者等不同社会力量基于各自利益的考量与行动,左右了摊贩风潮的发展轨迹与社会关注。摊贩集体行动影响了市政公权与下层民众间的关系态势,但并未根本改变摊贩的生存状态。背离民生的执政理念使市政当局时常置市容整顿于小民生计以优先的位置。政府立场与民众利益的根本对立,注定了风潮后的宁静只是暂时的,城市民变成为社会动荡与统治危机的预演。In the process of urbanization in modern China, the civil government＇s failure in the management of the lower social groups led to the urban mass uprising,which to some extent had changed the urban political culture and daily life. The comparison between Hankou street vendors wave in 1908 and Shanghai street vendors wave in 1946 showed that the out- break of the collective action was resulted from both the failure of the civil government management and alienation social en- vironment. The way of its protesting, its procedures and goals presented the general performance rule and the mass psychol- ogy, while changing partly in the development of history. Different social forces such as Municipality,Chamber of commerce organization , the News media and the Power careerist influenced the development path of the street vendors wave and social concern for the sake of their own interests. Vendors＇ collective actions affected the trend of the relationship between the rnu- nicipality and the lower classes, but did not fundamentally change the survival state of the vendors. The concept of govern- ance that cityscape was more important than the people＇s livelihoods was taken by the municipality, leading to the funda mental opposition of the government＇s position and the people＇s welfare, so the peace after the street vendors wave was just temporary. Urban mass uprising was only a rehearsal of social turbulence and crisis of governance.

关 键 词：城市民变 汉口 上海 摊贩风潮 

分 类 号：F290[经济管理—国民经济]