激光清除石质文物表面污染物  

Laser Cleaning of Contaminations on the Surface of Stone Relics

作　　者：叶亚云[1] 齐扬[2,3] 秦朗[1] 蒋勇[1] 肖凯博 王海军[1] 栾晓宇[1] 程晓锋[1] 袁晓东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心,四川绵阳621900 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)工程学院,湖北武汉4300743 [3]砖石质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《中国激光》2013年第9期85-90,共6页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2009BAJ53B05-3);"十一五"科技支撑项目

摘　　要：在文物保护领域中,石质文物表面的污染物影响文物美观,更威胁文物保存,因而急需开展文物清洗技术研究以解决这一问题。激光清洗技术与其他清洗方法(化学清洗和微粒子喷射等)相比,具有无损、去污能力强、精确和环保等特点。利用激光清洗技术清除石质文物表面污染物。实验研究了砂岩在激光辐照下的损伤,并结合理论计算,得到砂岩在脉冲激光(波长为1064nm)辐照下,10次脉冲的激光诱导损伤阈值为73.5mJ,理论与实验值基本吻合。在激光清除砂岩表面墨迹污染物实验中,得到了激光清洗所需的最佳方式和参数。在此基础上,到四川绵阳碧水寺进行现场实验,结果表明激光能安全有效去除烟熏污染物。In the fields of cultural relic protection, the diseases on the surface of stone relics affect the conservation and artistic quality of relics. The cleaning methods must be investigated to solve the problem. Compared with the conventional cleaning methods （e.g., chemistry cleaning and sand blasting）, laser cleaning is characterized by cleaning objects without damage, strong decontaminaton ability, precise removal, avoiding pollution environments. In the paper, laser cleaning is used for removing the contaminations on the surface of stone relics. Firstly, laser induced damage experiments are carried out. The results show that the laser induced damage threshold of the sandstones is about 73.5 mJ for 1064 nm laser after 10 laser pulses. Meanwhile, the finite element analysis software is used to calculate the temperature and the stress of the sandstones under the laser irradiation. The simulated results are consistent with the experimental ones. The optimal methods and laser parameters are achieved in the laboratory experiments for removal of the ink contamination. The experiments of Bishui temple located in Sichuan province indicate that the laser cleaning is safe and effective for the removal of black smudges.

关 键 词：激光技术 清洗效果 激光清洗 石质文物 砂岩 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]