利用行星大气制动形成环绕型目标轨道的耗时问题  

Time Needed to Use Aerobraking to Insert Planetary Low Orbiters

作　　者：周垂红[1,2] 刘林[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学天文与空间科学学院,南京210093 [2]南京大学空间环境与航天动力学研究所,南京210093 [3]航天飞行动力学技术重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《飞行器测控学报》2013年第5期438-443,共6页Journal of Spacecraft TT&C Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.11033009);国家自然科学基金青年基金(No.11003009)

摘　　要：为了研究利用行星大气制动形成环绕型目标轨道时,大气制动"主过程"需要的时间与卫星面质比、近星点允许的最大气动压力、行星大气密度标高等参数的关系,在维持近星点气动压力为常数的轨道控制策略下,采用近似方法构造了大气制动需要的时间与这些参数之间关系的分析表达式,并以火星大气制动为例,通过数值仿真验证了分析表达式的正确性。研究表明,大气制动需要的时间与卫星面质比和大气制动时近心点的气动压力之间有近似的反比关系,这一关系可以作为利用大气制动形成探测器目标轨道的设计依据。当然,在具体工程任务实现中,还需要考虑这种大气制动作用所涉及到的另一些制约因素。To study the relationships between the time needed in the main phase of aerobraing and the parameters in- cluding the satellite＇s surface to mass ratio, the maximal allowed dynamic pressure at periapsis and the scale height of the target planet＇s almosphere, analytical expressions for areobraing time are obtained with some approximations by assuming that dynamic pressure at the periapsis during aerobraking is kept constant by orbit controls. Numerical simulation of aerobraing at the Mars is made to prove the correctness of the expressions. It shows that an approxi mutely inverse relationship is maintained between the aerobraking time needed and the satellite＇s surface to mass ra tio and the dynamic pressure at periapsis. The relationship found here can be used in satellite deign and orbit design for aerobraking while additional constraints related to aerobraking in practical applications should be taken into con- sideration.

关 键 词：大气制动 大气制动时间 卫星面质比 气动压力 

分 类 号：V412.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]