西藏墨脱县疟疾暴发自然村伪威氏按蚊与威氏按蚊生态习性比较  

Ecological behavior comparison between Anopheles pseudowillmori and A.willmori in villages with malaria outbreaks in Motuo County,Tibet Autonomous Region

作　　者：武松[1] 黄芳[2] 王多全[2] 许国君[3] 蒋伟康[2] 周水森[2] 汤林华[2] 王洪举 卓玛央金 永健 次仁旺姆 

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学中西医结合临床学院,合肥230038 [2]中国疾病控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,世界卫生组织疟疾、血吸虫病和丝虫病合作中心 [3]四川省疾病预防控制中心 [4]西藏自治区林芝地区疾病预防控制中心 [5]西藏自治区墨脱县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2013年第4期362-366,共5页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：卫生行业科研专项(200802021);安徽省自然科学基金(10040606Q38);安徽省优秀青年教师基金项目(2009SQRZ119)

摘　　要：目的调查西藏疟疾流行区墨脱县中、高海拔地区主要按蚊伪威氏按蚊和威氏按蚊的生态习性及其传播疟疾的潜能。方法采用人诱、动物诱(牛、马、猪)和诱蚊灯诱捕方法捕获成蚊,分析按蚊密度、夜间活动规律、室内外吸血习性;对于捕获的经形态学鉴定为多斑按蚊复合体的蚊虫,按照捕蚊时间、地点和捕蚊方式进行标记,带回实验室后采用PCR方法鉴定蚊种;采用晨捕和白天搜捕法判断按蚊栖息习性;在不同类型水体捕捞幼虫,饲养羽化以判定孳生地。结果共捕获多斑按蚊复合体蚊虫1 053只,其中伪威氏按蚊331只,威氏按蚊722只。室内与室外威氏按蚊的数量均高于伪威氏按蚊(P<0.01,P<0.05)。室内外两种按蚊构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。伪威氏按蚊和威氏按蚊经产蚊比例分别为65.90%和69.86%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),伪威氏按蚊室外吸血蚊数大于室内吸血蚊数(P<0.05),威氏按蚊室内外吸血蚊数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两种按蚊夜间活动均为单峰分布,威氏按蚊密度日落后21:00-22:00达高峰,随后逐步下降,凌晨4:00后未捕获威氏按蚊;伪威氏按蚊密度高峰为24:00至凌晨1:00,几乎整夜都有活动。结论西藏墨脱县中、高海拔地区威氏按蚊构成与密度均高于伪威氏按蚊,两种按蚊生态习性有差异;威氏按蚊比伪威氏按蚊更具传播疟疾的潜能。Objective To understand the ecological behaviors of Anopheles pseudowillmori and A. willmori in medium or high altitude areas of Motuo County, Tibet Autonomous Region, and their transmission potential for malaria. Methods The methods of human net traps, cow baited trap, house baited trap, pig baited trap and CDC light traps were adopted for investigating the mos- quito density, biting activity at night and in or out door preference of biting. All mosquitoes morphologically identified as A. macu- latus group were labeled in accordance with the capture time, place and method, and PCR were used to identify the species. The resting habits were investigated with the morning capture and daytime collecting methods, and the larvae collected in different water bodies were reared to adults to study the breeding place. Results A total of 1 053 A. maculatus group were collected, and of which, 331 （31.43%） were identified as A. pseudowillmori, and 722 （68.57%） as A. willmori. The number of A. willmori were higher than A. pseudowillmori in both outer and inner doors （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）, while no statistically significant differ- ence was found of the constituent ratio of the anopheles between outer and inner doors. The muhiparous ratios of A. pseudowill- mori and A. willmori were 65.90% and 69.86%, respectively, （P 〉 0.05）. The A. pseudowillmori preferred to biting outer doors （P 〈 0.05）, while A. willmori preferred both outer and inner doors （P 〉 0.05）. Both mosquitoes had one biting activity peak in the night, and the biting activity peak of A. willmori was from 21 to 22 o＇clock, while the peak of A. pseudowillmori was from 24 to next morning 1 o＇ clock. Conclusion In the Anopheles, the constituent ratio and density of A. willmori are higher than those of A. pseudowiUmori in semi-high altitudes area of Motuo County, Tibet, and there are obvious differences of ecological behaviors between A. willmori and A. pseudowiUmori, and A. willmori has the more capacity of transmitting malaria than

关 键 词：伪威氏按蚊 威氏按蚊 疟疾 传疟媒介 生态习性 墨脱县 西藏 

分 类 号：R384.1[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学]