产生物表面活性剂石油降解菌的筛选及高效降解菌群的构建  

Screening of Petroleumdegrading Bacteria Producing Biosurfactant and Community Construction

作　　者：夏铁骑[1] 常慧萍[2] 张建清 

机构地区：[1]濮阳职业技术学院生物工程系,河南濮阳457000 [2]河南教育学院生命科学系,河南郑州450046 [3]罗山县第二高级中学,河南罗山464200

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2013年第6期49-51,共3页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

基　　金：河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(12B180028);河南省科技攻关重点项目(122102310331)

摘　　要：[目的]筛选产生物表面活性剂石油降解菌,并构建高效降解菌群。[方法]以中原原油为唯一碳源,经富集培养,从石油污染土壤中分离到12株菌;通过测定菌株的溶血活性、排油活性、乳化指数和表面张力,筛选出具有较强的表面活性剂产生能力和乳化原油能力的菌株,并对其形态特征和生理生化特性进行研究;再将这几株菌按不同比例组合构建菌群,研究其石油降解能力。[结果]菌株BS-2、BS-5、BS-8、BS-12具有较强的表面活性剂产生能力和乳化原油能力,初步确定BS-2和BS-12为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),BS-5和BS-8为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.);菌株BS-2、BS-5、BS-8、BS-12以2∶3∶3∶2比例组合构建的菌群6降解效果最佳,石油降解率高达78.16%,该菌群在石油污染土壤的生物修复中具有一定的开发潜力。[结论]该研究为石油污染土壤的生物修复提供了理论基础。[Objective] The study aimed to screen petroleum-degrading bacteria producing biosurfactant and conduct community construction. [Method] With crude oil from Zhongyuan Oilfield as the sole carbon source, 12 strains were iso- lated from the petroleum-contaminated soil through enrichment culture. Sever- al bacteria with the high ability to pro- duce biosurfactant and emulsify the crude oil were screened according to their hemolytic activity, oil displacement activity, emulsion index and surface ten- sion, and they were identified based on their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Finally, the ability of different bacterial communities to degrade petroleum was studied. [Re- suit] Strains BS-2, BS-5, BS-8 and BS-12 had the high ability to produce biosurfac- tant and emulsify the crude oil. BS-2 and BS-12 were identified as Pseudomonas sp., and BS-5 and BS-8 were Bacillus sp. The biodegradation rate of petroleum could be up to the maximum of 78.16% when the inoculation ratio of stains BS-2, BS-5, BS-8 and BS-12 in community 6 was 2：3：3：2, and this community would have a certain potential applica- tion in bioremediation of the petroleum-contaminated soil. [Conclu- sion] The research could lay theoretical foundations for bioremediation of the petroleum-contaminated soil.

关 键 词：生物表面活性剂 石油降解菌 筛选与鉴定 菌群构建 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]