临水窑与介休窑白底彩绘工艺的对比研究  

Comparative study of black painted,white Based porcelain from Linshui and Jiexiu Kilns

作　　者：胡彩虹[1,2] 罗武干[1,2] 王昌燧[1,2] 孟耀虎 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学科技史与科技考古系,北京100049 [3]山西省考古研究所,山西太原030001

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第3期71-81,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新方向性项目资助(KZCX2-YW-Q1-04);国家自然科学基金委面上项目资助(10979075)

摘　　要：白底黑花装饰风格的瓷器,始终是陶瓷、科技界和陶瓷爱好者关注的热点。临水窑(磁州窑)与介休窑白底黑花风格的瓷器之间有着密切的联系,但是对于两窑产品的科技分析甚少,至于两者的对比研究更是无从谈起。因此,本工作利用岩相分析、SEM-EDS等方法分析了临水窑(磁州窑)、介休窑样品的瓷胎、化妆土及瓷釉的化学成分和显微结构。比较分析显示,两窑样品的瓷胎均为低硅高铝配方,且介休窑瓷胎中的Al2O3含量更高;两窑瓷胎粗糙,Fe2O3、TiO2含量较高,致使其呈浅黄色。瓷胎表面均施有化妆土,所不同的是,介休窑的瓷胎表面施有两层化妆土,其靠近釉的一层化妆土(h2),Fe2O3、TiO2含量极低,靠近胎的一层化妆土(h1),Fe2O3、TiO2含量较高;临水窑样品的瓷胎表面仅施一层化妆土,其Fe2O3、TiO2含量较低,但高于介休窑近釉层化妆土中的相应含量。介休窑瓷釉为典型的高钙釉,而临水窑则为典型的碱钙釉和钙碱釉。不难认识到,介休窑似在临水窑白底黑花及化妆土工艺的基础上,因地制宜,勇于创新,形成了成本低廉、技术先进的两层化妆土工艺,在当地原料较为粗糙的条件下,生产出质量较好的白底釉下彩绘瓷器。Chinese black painted, white based porcelain, because of its decoration style, has been a focus of porcelain historians, scientists and enthusiasts. The Linshui kiln （also known as the Cizhou kiln） and Jiexiu kiln both produced black painted, white based porcelains. These two klins are closely related. Few scientific analyses of porcelains from these two kilns have been done. Therefore, comparative studies of them are lacking. Petrographic analysis, SEM- EDS, etc. were used to analyze the body, masking clay and glaze of porcelain from these two kilns. The results showe that, the bodies of both are high in A1203, F%O3, TiO2, but low in SiO2, which made the porcelain look gray yellow, but the porcelain from the Jiexiu kiln contains more A1203. They both have mask- ing clay. The results further show that there are two layers of masking clay in samples from Jiexiu kiln but only one layer in samples from Linshui kiln. In the case of the Jiexiiu kiln, the masking clay near the body （hl） contained more Fe203 and TiO2 than the masking clay near the glaze （h2） ; in the case of the Linsui kiln, Fe203 and TiO2 levels of the masking clay fall in between hl and h2. The results also indicate a high calcium glaze with porcelain of Jiexiu kiln, but an alkali calcium glaze and calcium - alkali glaze with porcelain of Linshui kiln. It is not diffi- cult to realize that, based on the single layer of masking clay technology in Linshui kiln, that the Jiexiu kiln, with two layers of masking clay, had advanced the technology and produced better black painted, white based porcelain,even using coarse raw materials.

关 键 词：临水窑 介休窑 SEM—EDS 白地黑花 化妆土 制作工艺 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K879.4[历史地理—历史学]