定向断裂爆破技术在软岩巷道中的应用  

Application of Directional Fracture Blasting Technology in Soft Rock Tunnel

作　　者：高保彬[1,2,3] 刘云鹏[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室--省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地,焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学深部矿井建设重点学科开放实验室,焦作454000 [3]河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院,焦作454000

出　　处：《爆破》2013年第3期54-57,111,共5页Blasting

基　　金：河南省教育厅自然科学基金项目(2011A440001);河南省瓦斯地质与瓦斯治理重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地开放基金项目(WS2012B06);河南理工大学深部矿井建设重点学科开放实验室开放基金项目(2011KF-03)

摘　　要：针对目前软岩巷道爆破掘进过程中出现的超挖、欠挖等问题,吸收国内外施工经验,分析得出在外界干扰条件下,爆破能量未能均匀向周围释放进行扩张做功的结论。通过实验分析和现场调研,得出合理确定爆破技术参数,实现爆破能量的有效分配,是实现定向断裂爆破的关键。因此决定采用定向断裂爆破技术,设置单孔、双孔和三孔3种爆破模型,4种不同介质耦合条件下的装药结构,进行分析对比,最终采用水耦合方式的三孔模型定向断裂爆破技术进行现场爆破实验,从而达到爆破能量的有效分配,提高软岩巷道的爆破质量,实现安全快速掘进。Considering the problems of overbreak and underbreak in the process of blasting excavation in soft rock tunnel, through the construction experience analysis home and abroad, data shows that the explosion energy cannot evenly release around to break rock in the interference condition. Based on experimental analysis and field in- vestigation, the reasonable blasting parameters and the blasting energy efficient allocation were considered to be the key factors to realize the directional breaking blasting, so the model of directional fracture blasting technology with single, double and three holes and four kinds of different medium coupling charge structures was analyzed. Then the water coupling structure method with three holes was adopted to the field blasting test, which improved the quality of blasting in soft rock tunnel and realized the safe and rapid excavation.

关 键 词：软岩巷道 爆破能量 定向断裂爆破 光面爆破 耦合 

分 类 号：TD235.3[矿业工程—矿井建设]