“泼”作詈词演变轨迹考察  

The Study on the Evolution of Po(泼) as the Swearword

作　　者：陈明富[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学政治教育学院,江苏南京211816 [2]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《天中学刊》2013年第5期73-75,共3页Journal of Tianzhong

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD740003);中国博士后科学基金项目(2012M521153);浙江省博士后科研资助项目(Bsh1202098);江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学基金资助项目(2013SJB740016)

摘　　要："泼"是古汉语中一个重要的詈词,主要形成于宋元时期。"泼"作詈词是语义逐渐引申演变的结果,其语义演变轨迹为:"弃水"义→"流动""泻出"义→"漫""满"义→"泼辣""无所顾忌""胡乱"义→"凶悍""蛮横"义→用作詈词表"卑劣""可恶"之义。"泼"作詈词,不仅可以单用,还可以合成词的形式出现。"泼"构成的合成詈词,从构词语法来看,主要是名词性成分,也有少数形容词性成分;从构词形式来看,主要有二字格、三字格、四字格等,其中以二字格、三字格居多。Po（泼）is an important ancient Chinese swearword and formed mainly in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Po（泼）is a result of semantics gradually extending and evolving： the meaning of waste water→the meaning of flowing or spilling→the meaning of diffusing out or full→the meaning of shrewish or cynical or wild→the meaning of aggressive or outrageous→the meaning of despicable or damn as swearword. As a swearword, po（泼）can not only be used alone, but also be used as compound words. From the morphological grammar point of view, The main ingredient of po（泼） is a noun and the nominal elements are the main components. It also contains a few adjective components. From the morphological form, there are two-character formats, three-character format, four-character format among which the two-character format and three-character format are much more.

关 键 词：泼 詈语 语义 演变轨迹 构词语法 

分 类 号：H139[语言文字—汉语]