豆粕替代鱼粉对鱼类胆固醇代谢影响的研究进展  

The Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Soybean Meal on Cholesterol Metabolism in Fish: A Review

作　　者：汉雪梅[1] 张曦[1] 陶琳丽[1] 邓君明[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学,云南省动物营养与饲料重点实验室,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第5期734-740,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960298;31160533)

摘　　要：豆粕因其供应稳定、蛋白含量相对较高、氨基酸组成较为平衡而常替代鱼粉蛋白广泛应用于水产养殖业。然而,豆粕高比例替代鱼粉常导致鱼类生长性能下降、动物健康受损、免疫力和抗病力降低,感染病害等,并明显影响鱼类胆固醇代谢,如胆固醇合成代谢关键酶活性升高,胆固醇代谢限速酶及相关转录因子基因表达量上升,血液、肝脏及肌肉胆固醇浓度下降等负面效果。胆固醇是细胞膜的主要成分和动物生理活性物质的前体物。综述了豆粕替代鱼粉对鱼类机体胆固醇水平、胆固醇代谢关键酶活性及其基因表达等鱼类胆固醇代谢的影响,并着重分析了其可能的作用机制:外源胆固醇供应不足,或是内源胆固醇合成受限。本文将为豆粕替代鱼粉的生产实践提供技术参考。Soybean meal （SBM） is regarded as the best vegetable protein source due to its stability sup ply, higher protein content and reasonably balanced amino acid profile, which is widely used in aqua feeds. However, a number of negative effects are observed in fish fed diets containing high proportion of SBM, such as the reduced growth performance, immunity and disease resistance ability, the impaired health, and so on. Thus, the replacing fish meal with SBM will markedly affect cholesterol metabolism of fish, including increasing the liver activity of cholesterol synthesis metabolic ratelimiting enzyme, and upregulating genes expression of ratelimiting enzyme and their associated transcription factors, decrea sing total cholesterol levels in plasma, liver and muscle. Cholesterol is a vital component of cell mem branes and precursor for many physiologically active compounds of the animal. We reviewed the effects of replacing fish meal with SBM on cholesterol metabolism in fish and analyzed the possible mechanism such as decreasing exogenous cholesterol supply and impairing hepatic biosynthesis. The article will pro vide technical information for production practice of replacing fish meal with SBM.

关 键 词：豆粕 鱼粉 鱼类 胆固醇代谢 

分 类 号：S963.7[农业科学—水产养殖]