英国中古政治史研究的学术系谱与模式转换——关于斯塔布斯、麦克法兰和新宪政史的对话  

Genealogy of British Medieval Political History Study and the Shifts in Academic Patterns:A Dialogue on Stubbs,McFarlane and New Constitutional History

作　　者：M.阿莫诺 蔺志强[2] 

机构地区：[1]英国约克大学历史系 [2]中山大学历史系,广州510275

出　　处：《史学史研究》2013年第3期75-84,共10页Journal of Historiography

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目"十三世纪英国王权运作机制研究"(项目号:D9I-04)阶段性成果

摘　　要：英国本土学界的中古政治史研究百年来经历了几次大的转向。斯塔布斯所代表的"追求民主"的宪政主义解读模式在20世纪中期就已被放弃。二战前后以麦克法兰为代表的学者引入群体人物学的研究方法,转而以"追求利益"的庇护关系解释中古政治现象。麦克法兰创立的功能主义解读模式强调中古王权与领主之间的基本和谐,突出政治史中人的因素和细节探索,从而推动了地方史和人物史研究的勃兴。麦克法兰比斯塔布斯更像是当代中古政治史研究的奠基者。近二十多年来,新生代史家试图改变麦克法兰模式造成的研究细碎化弊端,把思想因素重新引入中古政治史研究,其中卡彭特等人倡导的"新宪政史"力图对英国中古政治发展再次进行宏观的观察与解释,不过强调这是"没有宪政主义"的宪政史,并非试图回到斯塔布斯。然而这一探索也面临很多困难和挑战,至今尚无令人信服的成果问世。In British academic circles, models of English medieval political history have undergone several fundamental shifts over the twentieth century. The ＇ constitutionalism＇ model of W. Stubbs, which emphasised the ＇ democracy-seeking＇ nature of medieval political activity, was already being challenged in the mid-twentieth century. From the era of World War II onwards, K. B. McFarlane and his followers, applying the methodology of prosopography, began to devote much more attention to the role played by patronage in shaping political behaviour. Contrary to Stubbs, they emphasised the material dimension of medieval politics. McFarlane argued that there was a basic harmony to the relationship between crown and nobility. His emphasis on individual experience led his followers to develop detailed case studies of noble affinities and of local gentry polities. In this sense McFarlane, rather than Stubbs, is the true founder of current medieval political studies. During the last twenty years, however, a new generation has begun to modify McFarlane＇ s paradigm, challenging his emphasis on materiality and instead looking at the ideas and of late medieval political society. Among these, a ＇ new constitutional history＇ , led by C. Carpenter, attempts to provide a comprehensive observation of medieval politics. This is a ＇constitutional history without constitutionalism＇ , not aiming to return to Stubbs but rather to use new sources and techniques as a means of understanding the value systems that pervaded political society and determined the course of politics. As yet, however, there is no overarching statement of the ＇new constitutional history＇ , and no general agreement as to what it encompasses and represents.

关 键 词：宪政主义 群体人物研究 庇护关系 新宪政史 

分 类 号：K091[历史地理—历史学]