陇东旱塬区不同宽度垄沟集雨种植对玉米营养生长的影响  

Effect of the different width of ridge-furrow planting on corn growth in semi-arid areas of Longdong

作　　者：李青峰[1,2] 杜文华[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学 草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省宁县农牧局,甘肃宁县745200

出　　处：《草原与草坪》2013年第4期54-57,62,共5页Grassland and Turf

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003019);甘肃省科技支撑计划(1104NKCA089);草业生态系统教育部重点实验室(甘肃农业大学)开放课题资助(CYZS-2011-01)

摘　　要：陇东旱塬地区,降水量少,降水在时间和空间上的分布不均匀,是影响该地区农作物生长的主要原因,垄沟集雨种植用以改善农田水分状况,提高土壤水分利用率,促进作物植株发育,达到高产稳产的目的。试验以农作物玉米为研究对象采用垄沟集雨种植模式,设置不同垄沟比例进行处理试验,研究玉米秸秆作为饲草的最适垄沟种植比例。研究表明,采用不同比例的垄沟集雨种植模式后,单位面积内玉米的青贮产量窄垄(垄宽40cm,垄、沟比1∶1)最高、ck(平作)次之,宽垄(垄宽80cm,垄沟比2∶1)最低。其原因是土地利用效率太低,宽垄只有27.3%,窄垄42.9%,导致相同种植面积植株密度大大降低,在株高上的优势弥补不了密度降低带来的损失,所以青贮产量宽垄较ck有所降低。因此,在陇东旱塬地区,玉米作为青贮饲草最适合种植的垄、沟宽度比例为1∶1,即垄、沟宽度均为40cm。In dryland of Longdong, the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is serious uneven, which is the main reason of infuleneing crop growth in the region. In recent years, the wide promotion of ridgefurrow planting technology in the region promoted crop growth and achieved the goal of high yield because of improve ment of soil moisture and the utilization rate of soil water. The paper studied the effect of the different width of ridge-furrow planting on corn growth. The results showed that the yield of silage maize per unit area within the narrow ridge （ridge width 40cm, ridge, valley ratio 1＂1） was the highest, the CK was middle,and the yield of maize in wide ridge （ridge width 80 cm, furrow ratio 2＂ 1） was lowest. The reason probably was the low land use efficiency. The land use efficiency of wide ridge was only 27.3%, the land use efficiency of narrow ridge was 42.9%. As a result,the maize density in the same planting area was low. Therefore,the yield of silage in wide ridge was lower than CK. In Longdong region, the width ratio of ridge and furrow for silage maize production was 1： 1, which the width of ridge and furrow was 40 cm.

关 键 词：垄沟集雨 玉米 生长发育 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]