冷战期间美国国会对隐蔽行动监督体制的演变与特点  

A Study on the Evolution and Characteristics of American Congressional Oversight System of Covert Action during the Cold War

作　　者：刘磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第5期65-69,共5页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2013年度国家社会科学基金西部项目(13XSS009);2011年度教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区青年基金项目(11XJC770003);陕西省教育厅2010年科学研究资助项目(人文社科专项)(2010JK298)

摘　　要：冷战期间美国国会对隐蔽行动的监督经历了三个阶段:从二战结束到上世纪70年代中期是国会对隐蔽行动的非正式监督时期;此后直到伊朗门事件爆发是国会对隐蔽行动正式监督体制的构建时期;从伊朗门事件到冷战结束是国会监督体制的再调整时期。在这一过程中,国会监督体制的演变表现出三个基本特点:国会监督的制度化与法制化相互促进;国会"危机调查监督"和"例行监督"两种模式交替使用;国会监督呈现出螺旋式提升的总体发展趋向。During the Cold War, the congressional oversight of covert action had gone through three stages： From the end of World War II until the mid-1970s, it was the informal oversight to covert action by congress; Thereafter until Iran-Contra Affairs, congress structured the formal monitoring mechanism for covert action; Between the out- break of the Iran-Contra Affairs and the end of the Cold War, it was the readjustment of congressional oversight sys- tem. During this course, congressional oversight system showed the following basic characteristics ： Congressional o- versight of covert action was institutionalized and legalized mutually reinforcing; the ＂mode of crisis-investigation o- versight＂ and the ＂mode of routinely oversight＂ by congress traded off with each other; Congressional oversight em- bodied the characteristic of a spiral upgrade as a whole trend.

关 键 词：美国国会 监督体制 隐蔽行动 

分 类 号：K712.54[历史地理—历史学]