基于CA-气团模型的市内重气扩散模拟与研究  

Simulation and research of heavy gas dispersion on block-scale based on CA-air mass

作　　者：崔铁军[1,2] 马云东 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]辽宁省隧道与地下结构工程技术研究中心,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2013年第8期10-16,共7页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51078051);辽宁省自然科学基金(201202022);大连市科技计划项目(2011E15SF118)

摘　　要：针对市区内的固定地点出现重气泄露,并在街区内近地扩散的事实,构造了基于细胞自动机(Cellular automata)-气团模型,用以进行上述情况模拟。将气体的宏观扩散等效视为多个气团,使用细胞自动机生成气团的运动模型。将气团的特征表示为Qi(Vi0珗x,iy,i),参考高斯模型确定影响半径D用以区分浓度梯度扩散Sd和自由扩散Sf,并构造了边界接触条件。假设了模拟的市内环境,使用该模型在大气稳定状态下模拟氨气扩散。结果表明:气团的扩散符合实际情况,其在某区域的个数可以代表该区域重气浓度。模拟过程中也表现出了传统模型不具备的扩散特征,这些特征与重气的实际扩散过程更为相近,从而便于逃生和灾害控制。In view of the fact that the heavy gas leak in the urban area and disperse on block-scale, the CA-air mass model is constructed for this simulation. The macroscopic gas dispersion is equivalent as multiple air mass dis- persion, the motion model of air mass dispersion is constructed by CA-air mass. Qi （ V→0i,xi ,yi ） is characteristics of the model. Refer to the Gaussian model, the influence radius D is determined to distinguish between the Sd and Sf , and the contact boundary conditions are constructed. Assume the simulation of urban environment; the ammonia diffusion is simulated under the atmosphere steady state. The result shows： air mass dispersion in line with the ac- tual situation, its number can represent the heavy gas concentration in a certain area. Simulation also showed the dispersion characteristics that the traditional models do not have, the characteristic is more close to the heavy gas diffusion process, so as to facilitate escape and control disaster.

关 键 词：细胞自动机 气团模型 市内街区 重气泄露 扩散模拟 

分 类 号：X928[环境科学与工程—安全科学]