事故树分析法研究反应堆退役中的放射性危害  

Fault tree analysis of radiological hazard during nuclear reactor decommissioning

作　　者：刘自霞[1] 陆春海[1,2] 陈敏[3] 张志程[1] 郑黄婷[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学核技术与自动化工程学院,四川成都610059 [2]东华理工大学放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室,江西南昌330013 [3]西南科技大学国防学院,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2013年第8期114-118,共5页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：成都理工大学科研启动项目(KR1115);核废物与环境安全国防重点学科实验室开放基金项目(10zxnk01);放射性地质与勘探技术国防重点学科实验室开放基金项目(2011RGET022);贵州省教育厅科技项目(2011010);国家自然科学基金项目(41273031)

摘　　要：反应堆退役的安全性是退役活动的关键。退役中产生的放射性危害,不仅能直接对公众造成伤害,更可能对环境造成长久危害。采用事故树分析法对反应堆退役过程中的放射性危害进行研究探讨,并结合实际退役案例,对事故与导致事故发生原因之间的逻辑关系进行分析。结果表明:引起放射性事故发生的原因较多,既有内照射危害又有外照射危害。在分析基础上,提出了预防及治理措施,从而推进反应堆退役工作的顺利进行,保障人、物及环境的安全。The security of reactor decommissioning is the most important during decommissioning activity. The radi- oactive hazards not only directly injure public, but also do great harm to the environment for a long time. The fault tree analysis method was employed to research the radiological hazards during the reactor decommissioning. Combi- ning with an actual decommissioning case, the logical relationship between the accidents and the cause of the acci- dents was analyzed and summarized. The results showed that the factors causing the radiological hazard are compli- cated, which include internal exposure and external exposure hazards. Based on the analysis, some prevention and treatment measures were proposed to promote the safety of reactor decommissioning, and ensure the safety of hu- man, substance and environment.

关 键 词：反应堆 退役 事故树分析法 放射性危害 

分 类 号：X913[环境科学与工程—安全科学]