人类土地利用的主要生态后果及其缓解对策  

The Impacts of Land Utilization on Earth Land Ecosystem and the Strategies

作　　者：赵文智[1] 程国栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2000年第4期369-374,共6页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家973课题!(G199904340 4);国家自然科学基金项目!(39670600);国家科技攻关项目!(969201302)资助

摘　　要：通过对土地利用尤其是以集约农业为主的土地利用已经产生的陆地生态系统生物侵入、生物多样性损失及碳循环、氮循环和水循环改变等生态后果的综述。主要论述了物种特性及其组成的改变对生态系统的影响及不同特性物种组成对土地利用带来的负面环境效应响应的特点。提出了在建立可持续土地利用的框架体系下 。Land utilization has increasingly caused some serious ecological consequences such as biological invasion,loss of biodiversity and alternation of carbon,nitrogen and water cycles in Earth terrestrial ecosystems, which brings great challenge to our human sustainable development. In this article, worldwide land utilization especially intensive agriculture and their impacts on the biological invasion, loss of diversity and biogeochemistry cycles including carbon, nitrogen and water cycle were reviewed. Additionally, how do the species response to the disturbances of land utilization were presented. The results show that: First, land utilization especially intensive agriculture speeds up the biological invasion and loss of biodiversity and causes the alternation of structures of terrestrial ecosystem; Second, biogeochemistry cycles such as carbon, nitrogen and water are also accelerated by land utilization which lead to alternation of terrestrial ecosystem function; Third, species which are similar to one another in their effects on ecosystem processes but differ in their response to the environment changes have stronger ability to keep ecosystem stable than those that similar in their response to the environment changes; Finally we propose that under establishing sustainable land utilization framework, the development of sustainable agriculture and restoration of degraded ecosystems are the important strategies to ameliorate the negative land utilization impacts on the Earth terrestrial ecosystems.

关 键 词：土地利用 生物多样性 可持续农业 生态系统 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学]