塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害分异规律的研究  

Study on Spatial Distribution of Wind-sand Hazard along Tarim Desert Highway, China

作　　者：王雪芹[1] 雷加强[1] 黄强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2000年第4期438-442,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：石油天然气总公司"塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害跟踪监测"专题研究成果

摘　　要：从塔里木沙漠公路风沙危害的影响因素入手 ,分析了公路沙害水平分异和垂直分异的原因 ,并给出相应的分异规律。公路沙害的水平分异是在不同风沙地貌背景上不同的风力及组合综合作用的结果 ,同时受人为因素对防沙体系设置的影响 ;公路沙害的垂直分异通过不同地貌部位体现出来 ,它是由地形地貌对风动力、有效沙物质量。Tarim Desert Highway, with a length of 522 km, passes through the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert, the second largest shifting\|sand desert in the world. It suffers from serious blown\|sand hazard because of complex aeolian landforms, arid climate and frequent occurrence of efficient wind. In this paper, the main factors affecting horizontal and vertical distribution of blown\|sand hazard along the highway are analyzed. Some results are concluded:\;Horizontal distribution of blown\|sand hazard is mainly affected by differences of wind velocity and direction on the different types of aeolian landform. Certainly, human activities, such as construction of the highway and arrangement of preventing system, also influence it. Vertical distribution of blown\|sand hazard is mainly affected by differences of wind intensity, sand sources, construction of the highway and ability of preventing system in the different parts of compound dunes.\;The highway falls into 5 geomorphologic units. They are, from north to south, Tarim River Fluvial Plain, Paleo\|lacustrine Plain of the North Tarim Basin, Quaternary Relief\|land of the Middle Tarim Basin, Yatongus Dry Delta and Niya Dry Delta (Northern Minfeng Uplift is contained) respectively. The assessment result shows that blown\|sand hazard is serious in unit 1 and 3, moderate in unit 4, and slight in unit 2 and 5.\;Based on the data surveying in the field and landform analyzing, the relationship between the parts of compound dunes and degree of blown\|sand hazard is put forward. With the highway passing through from top of dunes to the lower land, blown\|sand hazard varies from serious to slight. It is estimated that the usable duration of semi\|covered fences is less than 4 years at the top of compound dunes while about 8 years at the lower land.

关 键 词：塔里木沙漠公路 风沙危害 水平分异 垂直分异 

分 类 号：U418.56[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]