长沙市煤炭开采业尘肺病现状与流行趋势  

Current status and epidemic trend of pneumoconiosis in coal mining industry of Changsha City

作　　者：张建中[1] 周峰 

机构地区：[1]湖南省长沙市疾病预防控制中心,410001 [2]长沙卫生职业学院

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第18期2265-2268,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的探讨长沙市煤炭开采业尘肺病分布特点和发病规律,预测流行趋势,为制定煤炭开采业尘肺防治对策提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,收集该市历年来诊断的煤工尘肺病例,建立尘肺病数据库,用SPSS 17.0统计方法,分析煤工尘肺患病率、区县分布、诊断年代以及发病工龄和发病年龄的差异。结果全市累计诊断煤工尘肺病例712例,主要分布在浏阳市(50.84%)、宁乡县(36.38)和望城县(5.20%)。煤炭行业占85.53%。尘肺Ⅰ期502例(70.51%),Ⅱ期193例(27.11%),Ⅲ期17例(2.39%)。20世纪80年代病例分布居首位,占50.84%。平均发病工龄(19.82±8.28)a,平均发病年龄(48.33±8.53)岁。肺结核并发率12.08%,累积报告尘肺死亡病例47例,病死率6.60%。结论全市尘肺病新发病例1960—1980年呈逐渐增长趋势,2000年后病例逐渐减少。需加大煤炭工业粉尘危害监测与风险控制,完善粉尘暴露人群监护机制。[ Objective] To investigate the distribution characteristics and pathogenic regularity of pneumoconiosis in coal mining industry of Changsha City, to predict epidemic trend, and provide scientific evidence for developing pneumoconiosis prevention and control measures in coal mining industry. [ Methods] The retrospective epidemiology was adopted to collect coal workers pneumoconiosis （CWP） cases for the establishment of loneumoconiosis database. SPSS 170 statistics method was used to analyze CWP prevalence, county distribution, diagnosis year, and difference between onset age and service length. [ Results] A total of 712 CWP cases were reported, mainly distributed in LiuYang County （50.84%）, Ningxiang County （ 36.38%） and Wangeheng County （5.20%} ,85. 53% cases were in coal industry. Five hundreds and two cases （70. 51%} were pneumoconiosis phase I , 193 （ 27.11% ） were pneumoconiosis phase II , 17 （ 2.39% ） of pneumoconiosis phase III. The case distribution of pneumoconiosis ranked first in 1980s, accounting for 50. 840/0. The average service length of onset was （19.82± 8.28 ） years, and the average age was （48. 33 ± 8.53）. The concurrency rate of TB wasl2.08%, cumulatively reported 47 death cases, the fatality rate was 6.60%. [ Conclusion] The new cases of pneumoconiosis shows a gradual growth trend from 1960-1980, and decrease trend after year 2000. It is necessary to enhance dust hazard monitoring and risk control in coal industry, and improve health care system for the dust exposure population.

关 键 词：煤炭开采 煤工尘肺 分布特征 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]