2012年信阳市流行性乙型脑炎监测分析  

Analysis on surveillance of Japanese B encephalitis in Xinyang City in 2012

作　　者：姚慧[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学公共卫生学院,河南省郑州市450000 [2]信阳市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《职业与健康》2013年第18期2346-2348,共3页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的分析信阳市2012年流行性乙型脑炎(以下简称乙脑)病例监测情况,为预防和控制乙脑提供科学依据。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法对所有病例进行流行病学调查,对采集的血液标本采用间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测乙脑病毒IgM抗体。结果信阳市2012年乙脑发病率为0.72/10万。发病特点是相对集中,同时又呈高度散发状态。8月为全年的发病高峰,占总发病数的54.6%。发病主要集中在12岁以下儿童,男女性别比为3.4:1,发病率的差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.84,P<0.01),散居儿童发病多。无免疫史或免疫史不详者占65.9%。2012年实验室检测乙脑病毒IgM抗体阳性率为79.6%(35/44)。结论提高乙脑监测及实验室血清学诊断水平,提高乙脑疫苗有效接种率,清除蚊虫孽生地,加强宣传教育工作,做好个人防护等综合性防治措施,可有效控制乙脑的发生和流行.[ Objective ] To analyze the epidemiological surveillance of Japanese B encephalitis {JBE} in Xinyang City in 2012, provide the scientific basis for JBE prevention and control. [ Methods ] JBE cases were investigated by field epidemiological method, and the blood specimens were detected for JBE IgM antibody by ELISA. [ Results] The incidence rate of JBE was 0.72/lakh in Xin-yang City in 2012. The cases were relatively concentrated, while had the characteristics of highly sporadic. August was the epidemic peak period, which accounted for 54.6% of the total cases. Most of cases were children under 12 years old. The ratio of male-to-female was 3.4 ： 1, and the difference in incidence rate was significant between males and females （χ2 = 11.84, P 〈 0.01 ）. The incidence rate in scattered children was high. 65.9% of the cases had not received the vaccination or had the unknown immu- nization history. The laboratory detection showed that the positive rate of JBE IgM antibody was 79. 6% （ 35/44 ） in 2012. [ Conclusion] It is important to improve the level of JBE surveillance and laboratory serodiagnosis, enhance the effective coverage rate of JBE vaccine, clear the heavy infestation of mosquitoes, carry out the publicity and education, and strengthen the personal protection, to effectively control the spread of JBE.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 监测 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]