太阳能电池板跟踪与除尘装置的设计  

The Design of Tracking and Dust-Removal Device to Improve the Optical-Electrical Conversion Efficiency of Solar Panels

作　　者：杨景发[1] 邱鹏飞[1] 李冰[1] 赵通[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学物理科学与技术学院,河北保定071002

出　　处：《机械设计与制造》2013年第9期60-62,66,共4页Machinery Design & Manufacture

基　　金：河北大学物理学院产学研项目(T201202);河北大学2012年度实验室开放项目(2012001)

摘　　要：太阳能电池板接收光的角度和表面对光的透过率直接影响光-电转化率。随着使用时间的积累,电池板迎光面会逐渐的积累一层灰尘主要是无机物SIO2)和有机污染物(鸟粪等),既减弱了太阳能电池板对光的吸收,影响电池的发电量,也容易因"热岛效应"造成电池局部发热而损坏。综合比较实现追踪太阳的定时法、坐标法、光敏电阻光强比较等方法,以及自然雨水冲刷、人工擦拭(高空危险)、高压水枪清洁(浪费水资源)、定时电动自动清洗(结构复杂)等电池板除尘方法,我们设计了基于单片机电池板"定点定角度"的单轴自动跟踪系统。通过对地球绕太阳运行规律、纳米TiO2超亲水性和催化降解特性的讨论,进行了"跟踪装置"和"气体喷射装置"的结构设计;电池板表面涂覆纳米TiO2实现电池板的主动自洁,基于单片机实现电池板的高压风力被动除尘和"定点定角度"的单轴自动跟踪,提高了电池板的采光效率和光透过率,进而提高其光-电转化效率。The light-receiving angle and transmissivity of solar panels will directly affect the optical - electrical conversion rate. As the accumulation of using time, there will gradually accumulate a layer of dust on the sunward side of solar panels, which mainly is inorganic SIO2） and organic contaminants （such as bird droppings ）, which non only weakened the absorbing light of solar panels , influencing the battery capacity, but also easily causes battery heating and local damage because of the ＂heat island effect＂. Comprehensive comparison is carried out on tracking the sun timing method and coordinates method, photoresistance method such as light intensity, as well as natural rain wash, artificial wipe （high risk）, high-pressure spray cleaning （wasting water）, electric automatic cleaning regularly （complex）, panels dust removal method, etc , it designs ＂ fixed-point angle＂ single spindle automatic tracking system based on single-chip computer panels. Through the discussions of the rules of the earth orbiting around the sun, and the superhydrophilic and catalytic degradation characteristics of nano-sized TiO2, it designed the ＂tracking device＂and＂gas ejection device＂. The nano-sized TiO2 coated on the susrace of panels realizes the self-cleaning of solar panels. The MCU is helpful to achieve the dust removal by producing high-pressure wind and the uniaxially automatic tracking at fixed point and fixed angle. The devices fully improve collecting efficiency and transmissivity of sun light, and then the optical-electrical conversion efficiency of the solar panels.

关 键 词：太阳能电池板 纳米二氧化钛 单轴自动跟踪 高压风除尘 

分 类 号：TH16[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TM615[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]