盐胁迫对作物根系的影响及基因工程改良  

The Influence of Salt Stress on Crop Root and Its Genetic Improvement

作　　者：束红梅[1] 郭书巧[1] 巩元勇[1] 倪万潮[1] 沈新莲[1] 张香桂[1] 徐鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室,南京210014

出　　处：《分子植物育种》2013年第5期657-662,共6页Molecular Plant Breeding

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31201139);国家转基因专项(2011ZX08005-001);江苏省自主创新基金(CX(12)3068)共同资助

摘　　要：近年来土壤盐渍化已成为现代农业面临的主要问题之一,盐胁迫影响植物的生长发育。根系是摄取养分与水分的主要载体,直接与土壤接触,最先受到盐胁迫等逆境的影响,进而引起地上部生长发育受抑制。但由于根系生长环境的特殊性和自身遗传的复杂性,根系改良的难度较大。本文综述了盐胁迫对根系形态和生理的影响以及通过基因工程改良盐胁迫下根系性状的相关进展,以期为作物根部耐盐机制的解析和盐胁迫下作物根系的改良提供参考。Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses in plant agriculture wordwide, and an excess amount of salt in the soil adversely affects plant growth, development, and crop productivity. A plant＇s root system is the site of water and nutrient uptake from the soil, a sensor of abiotic and biotic stresses, and a structural anchor to support the shoot. The root system communicates with the shoot, and the shoot in turn sends signals to the roots. Root first ＂feel＂ the salt stress when plants exposed to exceesive salt, and then it resulting in growth inhibition. This article reviews the influence of salt stress on the root morphology and physiology, and the strategies of root improvement under salt stress. In order to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanism of crop root and provide some information for improving crop salt tolerance through root.

关 键 词：盐胁迫 作物根系 形态和生理 基因改良 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]