非常规油气藏的形成及其分布特征  

Formation and distribution characteristics of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs

作　　者：宋岩[1,2] 姜林[2] 马行陟[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(北京)非常规天然气研究院,北京102249 [2]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《古地理学报》2013年第5期605-614,共10页Journal of Palaeogeography：Chinese Edition

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(编号:2009CB219600)资助

摘　　要：非常规油气领域是目前油气勘探和开发的热点领域,也是石油工业的发展趋向,非常规油气的成藏研究对非常规油气勘探具有重要指导意义。非常规油气与常规油气成藏的最本质区别在于非常规油气是非浮力驱动聚集,这主要是由于致密储集层中微纳米级孔隙发育导致毛细管阻力较大,同时缺乏提供强大浮力的有利条件。根据烃源岩演化与非常规油气成藏的关系,将非常规油气资源分为油页岩、页岩油、致密油、页岩气、致密气和煤层气6种类型。油页岩、页岩油、煤层气和页岩气的源储组合特征都是"源储一体",而致密油气源储组合有2种类型:一种是源储叠置的临源型致密油气,另一种是与常规油气藏类似的源储不相临、但距离不远的近源型致密油气。成藏动力学上的差异使非常规油气藏在地质上表现为大面积分布、局部富集、油气赋存具有明显的"滞留"或短距运移特征、没有明显的圈闭边界和无统一的油水界面等特点。Unconventional oil and gas, the hot field of petroleum exploration and development, is the future development trend of petroleum industry. The research on the accumulation of unconventional oil and gas has a significant guide for its exploration. The distinction between conventional and unconventional oil and gas accumulations is that buoyancy is not the primary driving force of hydrocarbon accumulation for unconventional oil and gas. The reason is that abundant micro-nano pore in tight reservoir causes a large capillary resistance for hydrocarbon migration. Also there is no advantage natural condition and evidences for providing strong buoyan- cy. According to the relationship between source rock evolution and unconventional oil and gas accumulation, the unconventional oil and gas resource is divided into six types including oil shale, shale oil, tight oil, shale gas, tight gas and coalbed methane. The characteristics of source reservoir assemblage of oil shale, shale oil, coalbed methane and shale gas is that the source rock is just the reservoir itself. However, there are two source reservoir assemblage types for tight oil and gas. One type is that the reservoir touches the source rock with the superposition style. The other type is that the reservoir is close to the source rock but with a little distances, which is similar to conventional oil and gas reservoir. The differences in accumulation dynamic cause that the unconventional oil and gas reservoir shows many significant geological characteristics including hydrocarbon ex- tensive distribution, petroleum local enrichment, retention or short distance migration, no noticeable trap boundary and no unify oil-water interface.

关 键 词：非常规油气 浮力 异常压力 分布特征 

分 类 号：P618.130.2[天文地球—矿床学]