骨刻文是甲骨文的主要源头  

Inscriptions Carved on Bones:the Main Source of Inscriptions on Bones and Tortoise Shells

作　　者：刘凤君[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《文史哲》2013年第5期66-71,166,共6页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：骨刻文是中国早期的一种文字,主要流行的时间距今约4600 3300年,是当时淮河流域、黄河流域和辽河流域发明创造并使用的文字。骨刻文是甲骨文的主要源头,两者的源流传承关系十分清楚:两者不但年代前后衔接、都以骨头为载体,而且骨刻文后期的凿灼占卜刻辞和成行布局等都为甲骨文所继承。所以,甲骨文是骨刻文发展到晚期出现的成熟文字,也可视为骨刻文晚期发展出来的一个新类型。甲骨文是商王室祭祀专用文字,又由贞人专门刻写完成,前后程序也规范有序,这一点可作研究释读骨刻文时参考。Ancient inscriptions carved on bones are a kind of writing in early China,in use mainly between 4600to 3300 years ago.They were created,developed,and used in the basins of the Huaihe River,the Yellow River,and the Liaohe River.This is the main source of inscriptions of the well known jia gu wen on bones or tortoise shells, and the relationship of origin and continuation between them is very clear.First,they are temporally continuous,and both use bones as their primary medium.Second,the carved or burning divination inscriptions and the lined layout in the late period of bone inscriptions were inherited by the jia gu wen.Therefore,the jia gu wen is the mature writing that emerged when the inscriptions carved on bones reached an advanced stage;it can also be regarded as a new type of writing that developed from that stage.Jia gu wen were specifically used for the sacrificial practices of the royal family of Shang,and carved by certain diviners with highly standardized procedures. These procedures could serve as a valuable reference when studying and interpreting inscriptions carved on bones.

关 键 词：骨刻文 甲骨文 早期文字 源流传承 

分 类 号：K877.1[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]