陕西省近30年降水变化特征分析  

The Analysis of Rainfall Characteristics of Shaanxi Province in Recent 30 years

作　　者：路培[1] 吴发启[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第4期64-68,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41271288)

摘　　要：研究收集了陕西省分布于中温带、暖温带、北亚热带3个气候带76个观测站30a的降水资料,分析了各个气候带的年、汛期、汛期各月降水量的最大值、最小值、平均值以及平均值的线性变化趋势,并以10a为间隔分段分析了1980—2009年各个时段内的降水变化基本特征值。结果表明:(1)年、汛期、汛期月平均降水量均呈现由东南向西北递减的趋势,且中温带地区的汛期降水量与年降水量之比达73%。(2)1980s,1990s,2000s3个时段,年、汛期平均降水量的变化特征表现为先减小,后增加。各时段内的线性变化趋势为:在1980s,中温带为线性增加,暖温带和北亚热带为减少趋势;在1900s均表现为线性减少趋势;2000s则为线性增加趋势。在整个时段内的变化,中温带表现为线性增加,但其趋势率值较小,为5.9mm/10a,其余两个气候带均呈现出线性减少趋势,倾向率分别为-23.7mm/10a和-60.4mm/10a。30years′precipitation data of 76observation stations which distributed in three climatic zones：the temperate,warm temperate,and northern subtropics were collected to analyze the maximum,minimum,mean value as well as the linear trend of the mean value for the yearly,flooding-season precipitation and precipitation of each month in the flooding season,and to analyze the precipitation characteristics in each stage by dividing 1980to 2009into three stages in terms of the interal of a decade.The results showed：（1）all the average precipitation of the year,and flooding season and each month in the flooding season decreased progressively from southeast to northwest,and the ratio of flooding-season precipitation and the yearly precipitation in the warm temperate zone reached up to 73%;（2）among the 1980s,1990s,2000s,the average precipitation of the year and flooding season decreased first and then increased.In 1980s,the average precipitation increased linearly in mid temperate zone and decreased in the warm temperate and northern subtropical zones.The average precipitation decreased linearly in 1990s,while increased in 2000sin all three zones.During the whole period,the average precipitation in mid temperate zone increased linearly at a small rate of 5.9 mm/10a;the average precipitation in the temperate and northern subtropical zones decreased linearly at the ratio of-23.7mm/10aand-60.4mm/10a,respectively.

关 键 词：降水量 变化 气候带 陕西省 

分 类 号：P426.614[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]