围栏封育对青海湖流域主要植物群落多样性与稳定性的影响  

Effect of Fence on Biodiversity and Stability of the Main Plant Communities in the Qinghai Lake Area

作　　者：李璠[1,2] 周国英[1] 杨路存[1] 徐文华[1] 钟泽兵[1,2] 宋文珠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第4期135-140,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2007BAC30B04);青海省科技攻关项目(2006-N-151)

摘　　要：植物群落多样性与稳定性是群落生态学的核心内容,是现代生态学的热点问题,也是草地资源评价与管理的重要指标。青海湖流域是我国主要牧场之一,研究该地区草地利用现状和封育影响评价对草地可持续利用具有重要意义。本文利用Simpson,Shannon-wiener和Pielou物种多样性指数及改进后的Godron稳定性测定方法,分析了青海湖流域高寒草甸、高寒草原和温性草原三种草地群落的多样性、稳定性及二者之间的关系,比较了相同草地类型围栏内外的植物群落多样性和稳定性,及三种草地类型在围栏内外的情况。结果表明:(1)高寒草甸,多样性:围栏内>围栏外,稳定性:围栏外>围栏内;高寒草原,多样性:围栏外>围栏内,稳定性:围栏内>围栏外;温性草原,多样性:围栏外>围栏内,稳定性:围栏内>围栏外。(2)围栏外不同草地类型多样性大小:高寒草甸>高寒草原>温性草原,稳定性大小:高寒草原>温性草原>高寒草甸。(3)围栏内不同草地类型多样性大小:高寒草甸>高寒草原>温性草原,稳定性大小:温性草原>高寒草原>高寒草甸。在高寒草甸、高寒草原和温性草原中多样性与稳定性表现为负相关关系。To analyze community diversity,stability and the their correlation,community diversity and stability within and out of fence in the same community and the three community diversity and stability within and out of fence in QingHai lake area were measured and compared according to three diversity indexes：the Simpson index,the Shannon-Wiener index,and the Pielou index as well as a community stability index：the improved M-Godron method.The result shows that：（1）the diversity of fence alpine meadow is greater than enclosure,the stability is on the contrary;the diversity of enclosure steppe is greater than fence,the stability is on the contrary;the diversity of enclosure temperate steppe is greater than fence,the stability is on the contrary;（2）by comparing the diversity out of fence,the rank of diversities is the alpine meadowsteppe temperate,by comparing the stability out of fence,the level of stability is in the order of the steppetemperatealpine meadow;（3）by comparing the diversity within fence,the rank of the diversities is the alpine meadowsteppetemperate,by comparing the stability within fence,the level of stability is in the order of the temperate steppesteppe alpine meadow.There is an obvious negative correlation between diversity and stability in alpine meadow,alpine steppe and temperate steppe.

关 键 词：青海湖流域 物种多样性 群落稳定性 改进M-Godron法 相关性 

分 类 号：Q948.15[生物学—植物学]