黄淮平原农田土壤中重金属的分布和来源  

Distribution and source of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Huang-Huai Plain

作　　者：周玲莉[1] 薛南冬[1] 杨兵[1] 李发生[1] 丛鑫[2] 燕云仲[1,2] 刘博[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]辽宁工程技术大学,环境科学与工程学院,阜新123000

出　　处：《环境化学》2013年第9期1706-1713,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家环保公益性行业科研重大项目(201109017-2);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)(2012AA06A304)资助

摘　　要：对黄淮平原224个农田表层土壤样品中7种重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn)浓度进行了调查,采用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对其生态危害进行了评价,并用相关性、逐步回归和主成分分析对重金属来源进行了解析.结果表明,农田土壤中7种重金属的平均浓度分别为11.8、0.17、79.0、0.04、35.3、25.3和73.8 mg·kg-1.与黄淮平原的土壤背景值相比,调查区域农田土壤重金属污染处于低污染水平,这与重金属污染指数评价的结果一致.重金属的潜在生态危害评价结果显示,除Cd和Hg的污染存在中等潜在生态危害风险外,其他重金属的潜在生态危害轻微.相关性分析和主成分分析结果表明,黄淮平原的农田土壤中Cr、Ni和Zn主要来自于工业烟尘沉降和化石燃料燃烧排放,As、Cd和Pb主要来自于污水灌溉,磷肥和有机肥的大量施用,而Hg可能来自于母质淋溶.The occurrence and potential sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils from Huang-Huai Plain were studied. Seven heavy metals （As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn） in 224 soil samples were measured. Ecological risk of heavy metals was assessed using Hakanson potential ecological risk indices, and their potential sources were identified by multivariate analysis（Pearson＇s correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and principal component analysis）. It was found that the average concentrations were 11.8, 0.17, 79.0, 0.04, 35.3, 25.3, 73.8 mg·kg^-1 for the seven heavy metals, respectively. Compared with the natural background values in this region, the investigated soils suffered from a low level of heavy metal contamination, which was further validated by risk assessments based on contamination factors. Potential ecological risk indices implied that the agricultural soil in Huang-Huai Plain was involved in a considerable ecological risk for Cd and Hg, but low ecological risk for other heavy metals. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed that soil contamination of Cr, Ni and Zn were mainly related to atmospheric deposition from industries and fossil fuel combustion, and As, Cd, and Pb mostly originated from sewage irrigation, excessive use of phosphate fertilizers and organic manures, while Hg pollution was mainly associated with geogenic and pedogenic of parent materials.

关 键 词：重金属 黄淮平原 生态风险 来源 主成分分析 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]