基于氮磷输出风险控制的小流域土地利用结构优化研究  

Land Use Structure Optimization Research Based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Output Risky Control in Small Watershed

作　　者：于兴修[1] 李建华[1,2] 刘前进[1] 吴元芝[1] 孙棋棋[1,2] 高燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]临沂大学水土保持与环境保育研究所山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室,山东临沂276005 [2]山东师范大学人口资源与环境学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《地理科学》2013年第9期1111-1116,共6页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41101263);临沂市重大科技创新项目(201011019);山东省科技攻关项目(2011GGH21704)资助

摘　　要：以沂蒙山区典型小流域——双河峪小流域为研究对象,将线性规划模型与GIS有效耦合,以控制N、P等面源污染物输出与增加经济效益作为土地利用优化配置首要目标,以地块为单元对研究区土地利用结构进行优化配置。结果表明:线性规划模型与GIS有效结合,使土地利用优化配置结果既具有面积上的约束,又同时与具体的空间位置相匹配;将N、P等面源污染物输出纳入土地利用优化配置所考虑的因素当中,使配置结果兼顾经济与环境效益的统一;双河峪小流域优化方案提高园地与林地面积,降低了耕地与未利用地面积比重,N、P年输出量降低15.3%,年经济效益提高41%。Taking Shuangheyu small watershed, the typical small watershed of the Yimeng mountainous area, as the object of study, the optimal allocation of land use structure in the study area was carried out based on the unit of land patches. Taking the control of the output of agricultural non-point source pollution （Nitrogen and Phosphorus, etc） into consideration, the optimal allocation of land use recognized the increase of economical and environmental benefit as the primary goal. The data was obtained using field in-situ observations district and Real-Time Kinematics （RTK）field measurement device. Land suitability evaluation was carried out through combination of the single-factor evaluation and the comprehensive evaluation method. The optimal al- location of land use structure was carried out through the method of effective coupling of linear programming model with dominant optimization analysis capabilities and GIS equipped with powerful spatial configuration function. The results showed that： the very combining of linear programming model and GIS not only provided the optimal allocation of land use with sound constraint effect in terms of area, but also matched the configura- tion information with specific spatial location at the same time, which enhanced the scientificalness and visuali- ty of the optimal results. As taking account of the output of N, P non-point source pollutant into the factors con- sidered by the optimal allocation of land use, the configuration results realized the goal of unifying the econom- ic and environmental benefits through establishing multi-objective linear programming model of minimizing output of the non-point source pollution and maximizing the economic effectiveness. The optimization scheme of the Shuangheyu small watershed increased the area of orchard and forest land by 52.3% and 820%, respective- ly; and reduced the proportion of the area of farmland （cultivated land） by 38.3% and wasteland by 89.3%. The total N and P annual output was reduced by 15.3% and the ann

关 键 词：沂蒙山区 氮磷输出 土地利用 线性规划 GIS 

分 类 号：X506[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X522